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Canada is Created
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The First Prime Minister
Sir. John A. MacDonald is Canada's First Prime Minister, he is the main Father Of Confederation and he was apart of the Conservative Party -
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Red River Rebellion
Louis Riel leads the Metis people to rebel against Canada for french and Metis rights. After the murder of Thomas Scott, Riel fled to the USA. -
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John A. Returns
MacDonald returns back into the PM seat after Liberal Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie's 5 year run.
He dies in office, leading to a series of Conservative politicians being appointed until Wilfred Laurier's win. -
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North-West Rebellion
Riel returned to Canada for the North-West Rebellion, he was arrested for treason due to the new transcontinental railway. -
Louis Riel Hanged
Louis Riel was hanged at 8:00 AM, his jury was filled entirely by English protestants, which angered Quebec residents who begged for mercy. The jury took half an hour to declare him guilty. This is the first major divide between the French and English in Canada. -
Wilfred Laurier is Elected
Wilfred Laurier is elected as Prime Minister. He was the first French Prime Minister to be elected, and will not be the last. -
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Wilfred Laurier is Prime Minister
Wilfred Laurier is Prime Minister for 4 elections -
The Boer War Begins
BRITAIN IS AT WAR!!!!! They are against the Dutch in South Africa. Canada is forced to help out the British by sending troops, the french did not like this at all. So Prime Minister Laurier decided to only send people who would volunteer, this was the second major rift between the French and the English. -
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The Boer War takes place in South Africa
The Boer War lasts for almost 3 years. 270 Canadians died during the war. -
A Conservative in Office
Robert Borden is Elected as Prime minister, he ended Wilfred Laurier's 15 year run as PM and will lead Canada into World War I -
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Robert Borden Is Prime Minister
Robert Borden is Prime Minister for 10 Years, -
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World War 1
The first world war begins on July 28th 1914 and ends on the 11th of November 1918. Robert Borden was Prime Minister during the War. -
BILL MANIA!!!
Prime Minister Borden had past 3 bills that were about war and conscription.
Military Services act: Forced Conscription, English Happy, French Outraged
Military Voters act: Allowed overseas soldiers to vote in elections
Wartimes Elections Act: Allowed all women related to military workers to vote. Also disallowed enemy aliens to vote if they came to Canada within 15 years (Ex. German immigrants) -
The "Khaki" election of 1917
Due to Robert Borden's bill related to the military. He had a massive win against Wilfred Laurier. All provinces sided with Robert Borden except Quebec, who wanted Laurier. The french were furious.
48,000 conscripts were sent overseas, 50,000 more would have also been sent if World War 1 led into 1919. -
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Mackenzie King rolls into the 20's
William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes Prime Minister, he will soon become the longest running Prime Minister, winning 6 out of the 7 elections he ran in. -
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Mackenzie King leads Canada into the late 30's and second World War
William Mackenzie King is the leader again, and for another 13 years, he had to deal with another conscription issue, which lead to another referendum. -
Duplessis is elected
Maurice Duplessis is Elected as Premier of Quebec with a landslide victory of 76 seats to 14 seats for the Liberal Party of Quebec. -
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La Grande Noirceur
Maurice Duplessis's terms were called La Grande Noirceur due to the church-heavy, socially conservative, french nationalistic policies that he implemented. There was almost no growth in any field while he was in charge, the era was full of corruption. This lead Quebec into the quiet Revolution. -
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World War 2
The World is at War again, and for 6 years from September 1939 to September 1945. William Lyon Mackenzie King is the Prime Minister during the War, fighting against Nazi Germany and their allies. -
Canadian conscription plebiscite, 1942
Prime Minister King held a nation-wide vote deciding if Canada should have conscription. This was the second conscriptions crisis in Canada.
Results:
For: 2,945,514 votes, 65.63%
Against: 1,543,006 votes, 34.37%
Quebec was the only province where there was more Against votes than for votes. The french were furious. 16,000 conscripts were sent overseas. -
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La Grande Noirceur RETURNS
Maurice Duplessis returns as Premier of Quebec, and La Grande Noirceur returns to Quebec. Duplessis leads Quebec until 1959, where he dies of a stroke. -
The Richard Riot
Maurice Richard is a famous hockey player. He played for the Montreal Canadians and was an icon Quebec. People called him "Rocket Richard" because of his quick acceleration.
The tension due to Richard receiving a suspension during a previous game. Quebec people believed that the NHL was being racist and his suspension was only because he was french.
The tipping point was when the president of the NHL (who was not liked in Quebec) came to watch a game in Montreal. Around 100 arrests were made -
A Change in Leadership
Jean Lesage wins in the 1960 election. He ended the 16 year long rule of the Union Nationale and Duplessis. He fought for change and was the starter of the quiet revolution in Quebec -
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The Quiet Revolution in Action
The quiet revolution in Quebec added many modernization that were desperately needed in Quebec.
- Education and Healthcare out of Church's Hands
- Eliminated Corruption
- Nationalized Hydro Quebec
- Made Quebec Culture and Art Flourish
This made Quebec Sovereignty at an all time high. People wanted Quebec to make their own decisions. -
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The FLQ terrorizes Quebec
The "Front de libération du Québec" was a terroist organization wh wanted Quebec to be their own nation. Where there was no Canadian involvement. They have set off numerous bombs around Quebec. They were responsible of killing 6 people and injuring many more. -
Vive le Québec libre
During Expo 67 (The world fair), Charles de Gaulle, the president of France at the time, was invited by Quebec to speak at the Expo. His speech was unexpected, he compared Canada to Nazi Germany when France was freed from them. He also said the now popular Quebec sovereignty quote, "Vive le Québec libre". Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson was outraged at the French President. Until Charles de Gaulle died in 1969, the France-Canada relations were strained. -
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The First Trudeau
Pierre Elliot Trudeau is leads the government into the 70's, dealing with a nationalistic Quebec as soon as he takes office. -
The liberals continue into the 70's
In the 1968 Election, Pierre Trudeau wins with a liberal majority government, continuing a liberal government after lester pearson's leadership. -
French is now even with English (Official Languages Act)
In 1969, Prime Minister Trudeau Sr.'s government passed the Official Languages Act. This law gave French the same status and English.
- All Government owned companies and services will now use both languages to customers
- The court system is given in the language of the person's choice
- All laws and regulations will now be written in English and French
- Federal public service workers can use either language in the workplace Canada was now a bilingual country -
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The October Crisis
The October Crisis is a 3 month long crisis that happened in the Montreal area. 2 people were kidnapped by FLQ members, and one of them (Pierre Laporte) died. The other hostage (James Cross) was released after the members were exiled to Cuba. Their manifesto was read on the radio as well. It was the only time the war measures act was used in a time of peace. -
Bill 22
Bill 22 (also called the Official Language Act of Quebec) was a bill where it stated that
- French was the primary language for services
- French was required on all signs
- French was the language of business
- French was language of schools -
PQ win in 1976 Election
The Parti Quebecois wins by a huge amount in the 1976 election. The party went from 6 seats in the legislature to a massive 71 to the liberal's at 26. The PQ government was responsible for numerous event that have changed Canada's relationship with Quebec. -
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René Lévesque the PQ Premier
René Lévesque is the Premier of Quebec. He is the first Premier to be apart of the Sovereignty PQ party of Quebec. He was the Premier for almost 9 years, lasting through 2 elections. He ended his Premiership by resigning in early October -
Bill 101
(read image above, there is a character limit and this was the only way to fit all the information) -
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Trudeau Senior's return
Trudeau's did return in 1980 due to a poor confidence vote with the then Progressive Conservative Government. When he entered the Prime Minister role again, he had to deal with an upcoming referendum with Quebec which luckily ended in a result that he wanted, due to promises of sovereignty from Quebec -
Referendum Time!!!!!
Quebec called for an independence referendum. If the "yes" side won, Quebec would have been politically sovereign from Canada, but they would still have close economic ties with Canada (same currency and free trade deals).
Results:
60% - "No"
40% - "Yes"
A Factor for Quebec Voting "No" was that Pierre Trudeau (PM at the time) promised to make Canada 100% sovereign from Britain by bringing the Constitution back to Canada. He also promised to change the constitution for Quebec and other Provinces. -
Nuit des Longs Couteaux (Night of the Long Knives or the Kitchen Meeting)
Again, went over character limit, ignore the red underlining, there are no actual typos. -
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Bloc Quebecois is opposition
Quebec Sovereignty is now federal as well. The Bloc Quebecois ran in their first election, and became the official opposition to Jean Chretien, winning 54 seats, even though they only have seats in Quebec. Beating the Reform Party with Preston Manning (52 seats). The NDP had their lowest seat count ever (9 Seats from 43) while the PC party lost everywhere due to Kim Campbell's horrible campaign (Went from 169 under Mulroney to 2 seats, that's right... 2 seats, 1 in Quebec and 1 in New Brunswick) -
1995 Quebec Referendum
Quebec has a second referendum to separate.
"Yes" side led by Lucien Bouchard and Jacques Parizeau.
"No" side led by PM Chretien and Daniel Johnson (Quebec Liberal Party, leader of Opposition in Quebec assembly) Results: Yes: 49.42%
No: 50.58% -
The Clarity Act
The Clarity Act of 1999 is the Bill that has ended the chance for Quebec to have another referendum. It stated that if a province wants to separate from Canada, they have to negotiate with all the other Premiers, the Prime Minister, and the Aboriginals inhabiting the province.
This is the end of major French and English tensions
