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Maurice Richard Riots
Maurice Richard hit a referee and was benched for the whole season. This angered the French public because they thought he was targeted for being French. This caused the French to riot.
French-English relations were strained from this event. -
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Quiet Revolution
The Quiet Revolution was a time of upheaval and great change. This change was brought by the liberal government who won under the slogan "Time for change". The liberal government promised 2 things, to improve the economy and social standards for the Quebecois and giving French speaking people greater control over their own futures.
Quebec sought a special status from the other provinces, this angered the other provinces. This made French-English relations very tense. -
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The Birth of Separatism
In the 1960s Quebecois were asking why they had to speak English, why is Ottawa speak mostly English and not French and why they don't have many cabinet ministers that come from Quebec. Eventually they had an idea to make Quebec independent they saw this as the only solution to their problems. They believed that as long as they were with Canada they would never be treated equally like in the other provinces. -
FLQ Founded
The FLQ was a terrorist group that fought for Quebec independence. The group was behind bombings and kidnappings.
The FLQ was behind some major events that strained French-English relations. -
Royal Commision on Bilingualism and Biculturalism
Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson created the Royal commision on bilingualism and biculturalism act in 1963. This made Canada a bilingual country.
This helped satisfy the French separatists who wanted independence. -
De Gaulle Strains French English relations
De Gaulle was the president of France and in 1967 he visited Quebec. In his speech he compared Canada to the Nazis, from when the Nazi's were in control of France.
This caused an outrage and strained French-English relations. -
Official Languages Act
The official languages act made Canada officially bilingual. This made all federal government agencies required to offer services in both of the official languages.
This resulted in mixed reviews from the French and English -
October Crisis
In October of 1970 the FLQ kidnapped 2 government officials. This was also the first time the War Measures act was used during a peacetime.
The FLQ used the 2 officials as leverage over the government this strained relations between the English and French after the FLQ killed on of the officials. -
Bill 22 - Official Languages act of 1974
Many of the immigrants that came to Canada wanted to learn English this upset the French Canadians. The act made all immigrants take an English test if they passed they could go to English school if they failed they went to a French school but only if you were in Quebec.
This upset the English who wanted immigrants to speak English. -
Parti Quebecois victory
First time a french government was elected. Their goal was to gain Quebec it's independence from Canada.
An important event in French history the parti Quebecois went on to make many major changes to Quebec. -
Bill 101
Bill 101 made it so French had to be used in the government, courts and businesses. Businesses could only have signs with French and no English. This allowed Quebecois to use French in their workplaces they could also now have jobs that were open to those that spoke English.
This was more extreme than Bill 22 and strained English-French relations. -
Premier Lévesque offers sovereignty
The independence referendum of 1980 failed, so Premier René Lévesque offers Quebec sovereignty. By the end of the referendum the vote was 40% for yes and 60% no, Quebec would not have sovereignty. -
Quebec Independence Round 1
In 1980 Premier René Lévesque called an election for Quebec independence. Less than 20% of voters wanted independence and 84% wanted some kind of change. Many of the voters feared the Americans would take over Quebec if it became independent.
The French were not ready to separate because they needed jobs and were worried about the economy. -
The Night of Long Knives
After the 1980 Quebec Referendum for independence PM Trudeau wanted to bring home the constitution, to do this he needed the support of the 10 Premiers but 8 were against, known as the gang of 8. After much difficulty and negotiating a new constitution was brought home but without Quebec because 7 of the members made a decision without the Premier of Quebec.
This left Quebec out of the new constitution which made the Quebecois bitter because they were excluded. -
Meech Lake Accord
It was started by PM Brian Mulroney to bring Quebec back into the constitution but it failed because they could not agree on clause for a distinct society.
This was another time in history where Quebec failed to prove that they are so distinct that they need independence. -
Quebec Independence Round 2
The 1995 Referendum was to gain Quebec it's independence. This time 50.5% of the polls voted no and 49.5% voted yes.
For the second time Quebec had failed to gain it's independence from one of the referendums. -
Clarity Act of 1999
The clarity act was created as a response to the 1995 referendum and the independent movements in Quebec. This would establish conditions which would need to be met in order for Quebec to gain independence.
This was an attempt to stop independence referendums and independence movements. Which made it harder for people that want independence to gain it.
