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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
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3900 BCE
Disease caused?
Evil spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments
Prayer, blood letting, exorsisms, amputations -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today
Digitalis - for heart
Quinine - Digestion
Belladona and atrophine - digestion
Morphine - pain -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
How did they heal? - Medicines, Splinting fractures, bloodletting using leeches
Who are physicians? - Priests were physicians
Health Records - First to keep health records -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
Development of acupuncture- They were the first to use acupuncture -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Illness cause nature vs. Spiritual - they were the first to study this
Dissection - they didn't allow bodies to be dissected
Hippocrates - wrote the standard of ethics -
100
Ancient Romans
Sanitation Systems - they learned that the Greeks developed a sanitation system.
Organize medical care - they were the first to organize medical care
Hospital development - they had a room for the ill which was the beginning of hospitals -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
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500
Stopped the study of medicine, why?
The Roman Empire was conquered by the Huns. -
700
How do they treat disease?
They started praying as a primary treatment. Medication consisted of herbal mixtures, care was custodial. -
Period: 800 to 1400 BCE
Middle Age
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1100
Epidemics
Caused millions of death during the period.
Diseases - bubonic plague, smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis. -
Period: 1350 to 1650 BCE
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth?
Universities - the building of universities and medical schools for research.
Dissection - The acceptance of dissection of the body for study.
Books - The development of the printing press and the publishing of books, allowed greater access to knowledge from research. -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th centuries
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1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body. -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
Discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy. -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered the tube leading from earth to the throat. -
William Harvey
Used this knowledge to understand physiology, and he was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart. -
Antoine von Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope, establishing that there is life smaller than the eye can see. He scraped his teeth and found the bacteria that causes tooth decay. -
Apothecaries
(Early pharmacies) Engaged in flourishing trade in drugs and spices from the east -
Period: to
18th Century
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Benjamin Franklin
Discovers - bifocals and found that colds could be passed from person to person -
Medical students learning
They not only got to go in a classroom for lectures they also got to observe patients. If some one does would dissect the body and were able to see the disease process. -
Joseph Priestley
Discovered the element of oxygen he also observed that plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen, making it usable for respiration. -
Edward Jenner
Discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox. -
Rene Laennec
Invented the stethoscope the first one was made of wood. -
Period: to
19th and 20th Centuries
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Florence Nightingale
Attracted well-educated, dedicated women to the nightingale school of nursing due to nursing becoming an important part of medical care. -
Ignaz Semmelweis
Identified the cause of childbed fever. It noticed that when physicians were delivering babies they never washed their hands or changed there apron after dissecting a body that had diseases. And now it is one of the most important things to do to control the spread of infection. -
Louis Pasteur
Known as the “father of microbiology” he discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere. -
Dimitri ivanovski
Discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen with a microscope. They are called viruses. -
Joseph lister
He became the first doctor to an antiseptic during surgery. This would prevent infection in the incision. -
Ernst von bergmann
He developed asepsis he developed a method to keep an area germ free before and during surgery. -
Robert Koch
Discovered many disease -causing organisms. He introduced the importance of cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of disease. -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the effect of medicine on disease- causing microorganisms. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered X-rays in 1895. This helped the doctors see what was wrong with the patient. -
Anesthesia
During the 19th and 20th century, nitrous oxide (for dental care) and chloroform were discovered. These drugs were able to put people into a deep sleep so the didn't experience pain during the surgery. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. -
Sigmund Frued
Discovered the conscious and unconscious part he mind. -
Gerhard domagk
Discovered sulfonamide compounds. These were the first medications effective in killing bacteria. -
Jonas Salk
Discovered that a dead polio would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. -
Albert Sabin
Used a live polio virus vaccine, this is now used to immunity babies. -
Francis crick and James Watson
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA, based on its known double helix. -
Christian Barnard
Preformed the first successful heart transplant in 1968. -
Ben Carson
Continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies, surgeries on the brain to stop seizures. -
Period: to
21st Century
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Telemedicine
Telehealth is the distribution of health-related services and information via electronic information and telecommunication technologies. It allows long-distance patient and clinician contact, care, advice, reminders, education, intervention, monitoring, and remote admissions. -
mRNA
The success of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has propelled the technology to the forefront, leading to its exploration in other medical applications. -
Health Wearable
The demand for wearable gadgets has increased in recent years, with the advent of Bluetooth in 2000. -
3D Printing
In healthcare, 3D printing enables the production of patient-specific models, implants, and medical devices. -
CRISPR
CRISPR and gene editing. This regulatory approval and the growing number of clinical trials utilising CRISPR show a transition of CRISPR.