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Acadians are exiled from their homes
Who: Acadian's, and the British
What: The Acadian's were expelled and taken out of their homes, and deported.
Where: Canada (Nova Scotia)
When: 1755–1764
Why: Tension and mistrust arising from the war between New France and 13 English colonies
The tension was enough to make the British side not trust the Acadian's and deported them -
The Conquest (Battle on the Plains of Abraham)
Who: French, and British
What: A battle for Canada in the 7 year war
Where: Plains of Abraham, Canada
When: 1759
Why: To conquer the land and claim it for their country.
The battle of Abraham consisted of 4500 hundred British soldiers, and 4500 french soldiers. -
Lord Durham’s report encourages the assimilation of the Francophone colonists
Who: John George Lambton/Lord Durham, a British politician
What: To report his findings back to find a solution (assimilating the french colonists)
Where: Upper, and lower Canada
When: 1838
Why: He came to investigate the twin rebellions between upper and lower Canada.
Lord Durham recommended to make a single colony uniting upper and lower Canada, as well as assimilating the french colonists in lower Canada. -
Confederation - 1867
Who: the 4 provinces that made up Canada at that time
What: The confederation was 4 provinces that made up Canada (Ontario, Quebec, Brunswick, and Nova Scotia
Where: Canada (Eastern)
When: 1867
Why: People in Canada didn't want to be a colony of Britain anymore, and wanted to be independent from them, to be their own nation-state
The confederation no longer wanted to be part of Britain's colonies, but they also didn't want the Americans to take over their land down south -
Manitoba Schools Question becomes an issue in the federal election
Who: Francophone's
What: Receiving schooling in their native tongue, (french) and religion
Where: Manitoba
When: 1870
Why: It was deemed as one of the most important school crises Canadian history
The government considered catholic francophone's being taught school in their native tongue and religion, and that they should be taught in English. -
The Indian Act is first created
Who: First nations
What: the principal statute through which the federal government administers Indian status, to first nations, local First Nations governments and the management of reserve land and communal monies.
Where: Canada
When: 1876
Why: It was first made to eradicate, and assimilate the first nations people into society -
Chinese Head Tax discriminates against Chinese immigration
Who: Chinese Immigrants
What: Chinese immigrants had to pay a tax to come into Canada
Where: Canada
When: 1885-1923
Why: To reduce the amount of Chinese immigrants to Canada
The Canadian government didn't want to have the Chinese in the country once they were finished the railway. -
Riel Rebellion
Who: first nations Cree and Assiniboine
What: A dispute between the Cree and Canada over the agreements that were made in the past
Where: Canada (Saskatchewan)
When: 1885
Why: The Cree believed that Canada failed to protect their rights, their land, and their survival as a distinct people
The Cree felt cheated, because they didn't feel like they were getting everything that the their agreements had mentioned. That the confederation wasn't coming through with their promises. -
Conscription crisis during World War One
Who: Canadians, (Francophone)
What: The Canadian government put forward a conscription, but the francophone Canadians didn't want to be forced to go to war (Same with Mennonites, and Jews)
Where: Canada
When: 1917
Why: The English Canadians didn't think that the French Canadians were contributing enough.
English provinces thought it was unfair that Quebec (francophone Canadians) were contributing significantly less than everyone else. -
Chinese Immigration Act
Who: Chinese immigrants
What: Wanting less Chinese immigrants to come into Canada
Where: Canada
When: 1923
Why: Canadians demand something to be done
The Canadian government set the Chinese Immigration Act to reduce the amount of Chinese immigration to Canada, but it caused more Chinese immigrants to come to Canada -
The referendum is held to decide if Newfoundland should join Canada
Who: Newfoundlander's
What: It was the referendum of whether not Newfoundland should join Canada, become independent, or stay a British colony
Where: Canada (Newfoundland)
When: 1948
Why: It was time for Newfoundland to decide what to do with themselves.
Newfoundland was split, with some still wanting to stay a colony, while others like Joseph wanted to become a province of Canada -
Quiet Revolution
Who: Quebec
What: it was a period of intense political and cultural change
Where: Quebec
When: 1960-1970
Why: The Quebecois people didn't like how things were being run, and they wanted change. They didn't like their current government.
The Quebecois wanted to have change which they got, but they wanted more benefits more them, and decided that they needed more. -
The Royal Proclamation determines that First Nations are sovereign
Who: king George III, North american territories
What: a proclamation to give land to the settlers coming to the territories
Where: colonies in northern america
When: 1763
Why: The Royal proclamation was made to make "Land trades" with the aboriginals, but the aboriginals weren't invited.
The British and french settlers came and colonized north america -
The White Paper on Aboriginal Rights
Who: Pierre Trudeau, and Minister of Indian Affairs, Jean Chrétien
What: policy paper that proposed ending the special legal relationship between Aboriginal peoples and the Canadian state and dismantling the Indian Act
Where: Canada
When: 1969
Why: To try and have the first nations people be self-sustained, which they wanted, but got mad because the government was abolishing the Indian act that gave them benefits. -
The Red Paper
Who: First nations, and the government
What: The red paper was to negate what the white paper had said from taking away the Indian act
Where: Canada
When: 1970
Why: None of the first nations people liked the White paper, so Trudeau made the red paper to appease the first nations people, and keep the Indian act -
FLQ Crisis
Who:Quebec Militia, Minister of Immigration and Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte, and James CROSS
What: Pierre was kidnapped and killed, James was kidnapped earlier, but wasn't killed
Where: Quebec
When: 1970
Why: it was a national liberation movement
Quebec militia wanted liberation in Quebec -
Canada adopts official multiculturalism
Who: Pierre Trudeau,
What: Canada officially a multicultural country
Where: Canada
When: 1971
Why: was intended to preserve the cultural freedom of all individuals and provide recognition of the cultural contributions of diverse ethnic groups to Canadian society
Canada officially became a multicultural country and any culture is allowed. -
The Calder Case
Who: First nations people, and the government
What: The Nisga’a chief Frank Calder brought the case to the courts to review the existence of the aboriginal title
Where: Canada (British Columbia)
When: 1973
Why: So that the Aboriginal Title would be put in the constitution, and Aboriginals would be recognized. -
Election of the Parti Quebecois
Who: Quebec's parti Quebecois
What: a government party from Quebec
Where: Quebec (Canada)
When: 1976
Why: To become the leading party in Quebec.
They won the election by taking 71 out of 110 seats in Quebec, making their leader: Lévesque premiere. -
Bill 101 is passed into law in Quebec
Who: Parti Quebecois, and Quebec
What: It defines French as the official language in Quebec
Where: Canada. (Quebec)
When: 1977
Why: Quebec felt that the English minority was running the province
Quebec didn't want to have English as the official first language in Quebec because francophone's are the majority there -
Referendum 1980
Who: Quebecois
What: government’s plans for sovereignty-association
Where: Quebec
When: 1980
Why: a promise that the party had made to do so
The Party promised to make Quebec better, and separate from Canada -
The NEP (National Energy Program) is implemented
Who: Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau,
What: Gives the Public access to oil they find, to create more jobs for people.
Where: Canada, (mainly Alberta)
When: 1980
Why: 3 reasons: Canada's dependence on foreign oil, by encouraging greater self-sufficiency in domestic supplies; redistribute oil wealth via taxes and resource royalties
The National Energy Program was introduced to give Canadians more jobs since 1973 when the oil industry started to fall. -
Quebec refuses to sign the constitution
Who: Quebecois
What: Quebec's premier refused to sign the constitutional democracy
Where: Quebec
When:1981/1982
Why: They wanted to keep the fact that they can beat out the western or maritime provinces if they didn't agree, and because if they signed the constitution, bill 101 would be gone.
Quebec wanted to keep everything the same, and doesn't want to make things equal for all provinces. -
Meech Lake Accord
Who: Canada (Francophone), Prime Minister Brian Mulroney
What: series of proposed amendments to the Constitution
Where: Canada
When: 1987
Why:to amend the Constitution under the new rules for constitutional change set out in the Constitution Act
The Meech Lake Accord failed because of the arguments, and a series of chronology events. -
Supreme Court determines that turbans can be worn with the RCMP uniform
Who: Muslim, and Sikh RCMP
What: Arguments over whether or not traditional Canadian headgear, or religious headgear should be worn.
Where: In Canada
When: 1988-1990
Why: Muslim and Sikh wanted to be able to wear their religious headgear instead of the traditional headgear. Depending on what side of the argument you are on you would say that this adds to Canada's bilingualism, or that it takes away part of Canadian tradition. -
The Oka Crisis
Who: Mohawk tribe, Canadian military
What: it was a land dispute between the Mohawk tribe and the town of oka
Where: Canada, (Quebec)
When: 1990
Why: The town wanted to make a golf course, but it was over top of the the Mohawk tribes burial grounds -
Formation of the Bloc Quebecois
Who: Quebec party
What: A political party for Quebec
Where: Canada, (Quebec)
When:1991
Why: from Progressive Conservative and Liberal Members of Parliament from Quebec, who left their original parties around the time of the defeat of the Meech Lake Accord
The Bloc Quebecois was formed to try and get rid of the Meech Lake accord, which they were successful, and it wasn't implemented. -
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
Who: Canadian royal commission, and aboriginal peoples
What: to address many issues of Aboriginal status that had come to light with recent events
Where: Canada
When: 1991
Why: to investigate the evolution of the relationship among Aboriginal peoples, and the government of Canada, (the Indian affairs)
The Royal commission wanted to address the issues of the first nations people that weren't being helped, or fixed by the government. -
Charlottetown Accord
Who: Charlottetown's folk
What: a package of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada
Where: Canada (Charlottetown)
When: 1992
Why: to try to change the rules of the constitutional democracy.
It failed in Charlottetown, just like it did the first time (Meech Lake accord) -
Referendum 1995
Who: Quebecois
What: the second Referendum Quebec had
Where: Canada (Quebec)
When 1995
Why: The parti Quebecois and some francophone Canadians in Quebec still wanted to be independent from Canada
This second referendum was even closer than the first one, with the winning margarine for staying with Canada winning by a half percentage -
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
Who: aboriginal Women and girls
What: The missing or murdered aboriginal women and girls
Where: Canada
When: 1997-2015,
Why: the Homicide rate for aboriginal is seven times higher than non-aboriginal women and girls
Aboriginal women and girls are being targeted, and murdered. -
Recognition of Quebecois nation 2006
Who: Quebecois
What: The Quebecois being recognized as their own nation
Where: Canada, (Quebec)
When: 2006
Why: Quebec wanted to be recognized as it's own nation, instead of a province in Canada.
Quebec got become it's own nation, and the people are recognized for who they are; Francophone. -
Canada apologizes for Residential Schools
Who: first nations people, and the government
What: The government apologizes for sending them to residential schools
Where: Canada
When: 2008
Why: To try and fix the relationship between us, and the first nations people.
The government tried to assimilate the first nations people in the past, and turn them into their socially acceptable -
The publication of the TRC 94 Calls to Action
Who: First nations affected by residential schools.
What: The 94 calls of action to protect and try to help repair the harm caused.
Where: In Canada
When: 2015
Why: To help try to build the relationship between us and the first nations
The 94 calls to action are there to try to fix the problem they have cause to the first nations people.
