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38,000 BCE
Shelters
At that time, paleolithic people were making some kinds of houses. Most know where the cave is, but these were few, and they weren't even used as houses. As a house can be shelters made of bones and wood, where people can be kept warm. -
30,000 BCE
Chauvet–Pont–d’Arc Cave
This cave in France has some of the oldest paintings. That cave is enormous and contains a lot of artwork and a lot of animal paintings. In these caves, there were bones of animals, so we can get the information that caves were used for their artwork and hunting. -
6000 BCE
Pre-Dynastic Egypt
In 6000 BCE, started to settle nomads, and in 5000 BCE, farming started, and communities formed Badarian Culture. Then came more communities, such as the Amratian, Gerzean, and Naqada, which made the Egyptians what it was. During the 3400 and 3200 BCE, was started to be written the history of this place, specifically about the Naqada Culture III. -
4500 BCE
Fertile Crescent
In the Middle East, we find the Fertile Crescent a place of significant importance for the different cultures that had been placed there. It was populated in 10,000 BCE for the first time, and the first cities through 4500 BCE. Cities are Eridu, Uruk, and others. This zone was very fertile, so it was perfect for cultivation. -
4500 BCE
Summerian Civilization
The evidence of the existence of the Summer comes through 4500 and 4000 BCE. These people speak Sumerian. In actuality, they are called Ubaidians. The summerian city Eridu is knowes as the first city of the world. -
4100 BCE
Uruk Civilization
The Uruk civilization goes from 4100 to 2900 BCE. From Turkey to the Mediterranean Sea, we can find Uruk artifacts. During this time, a lot of trade was made through the canals. At this time, Uruk was the most urbanized city, with 50,000 inhabitants. -
4000 BCE
Ziggurats
In 4000 BCE, Sumer was divided into independent cities, each with a temple dedicated to a god or goddess. These temples are called Ziggurats. This is one of the most essential Mesopotamian structures. It had the form of a pyramid. -
3200 BCE
Cycladic Greek Civilization
The Cycladic Greek Civilization went through 3200 to 1100 BCE. The houses during this time were built of stone. This period is divided into three phases. The Middle Cycladic and the Late Cycladic ended up being one with the Minoan Civilization. -
3000 BCE
Stonehenge
This monument is located in England and is dated from 3000 BCE to 2000 BCE. This structure doesn’t have a clear function, but there have been found some human bones that can be referred to as some rituals. This structure is also alienated from the summer and winter solstice, so it could be some ancient calendar or form to identify the time. -
2700 BCE
Minoan Civilization
On the island of Crete, this civilization started from 2700 to 1500 BCE. Minos’ rule Knossos this one making it be greater in the comerce with other cities. The writting system was Linear A. -
2686 BCE
The Old Kingdom
The Third Dynasty through the Sixth Dynasty from 2686 to 2181 BCE was when Egypt was achieved. In this time was were the Sphinx was constructed, also this was the first of the three that was called kingdom. The Old Kingdom get an strong central government. -
2613 BCE
Pyramid
The Fourth Dynasty, by King Sneferu, makes the three pyramids that most stone used. The Meidum was the first pyramid that was made in Egypt. The others two were the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid. -
2334 BCE
Akkadian Empire (Sargon the Great)
The Akkadian Empire was the first one to use bureaucracy and administration. Sargon the Great was the funddor of the Akkadian Empire. He conquered Sumer, dominated for the control of the area, and built his cities. The Akkadian Empire was the one that created the postal system. -
2150 BCE
The Epic of Gilgamesh
The Epic of Gilgamesh is the oldest piece of epic Western literature. It is a poetic work of the King of Uruk that gets a lesson from the gods. Gilgamesh becomes a friend of Enkidu, and this dies, and then he starts questioning the meaning of life. -
1991 BCE
The Book of the Dead
The concepts come from the Third Dynasty of Egypt and were written in papyrus during the 12th Dynasty. There are spells to understand how to overcome the problems they might fight in the afterlife. This book tells that Annubis would lead the people to the Hall of Truth, and there they need to make the Negative Confession. -
1900 BCE
Mycenaean Civilization
During 1900 to 1100 BCE, the Mycenaean Civilization went through, which is the beginning of the Greek culture. There is not much about this civilization, but the Iliad talks about their war with Troy. Their writting system was Linear B that comes the Minoan Linear A. They get a lot influence from the Minoan culture. -
1792 BCE
The Social Classes under Hammurabi reign
There were three different social classes during the reign of Hammurabi. There was amelu one person with full civil rights—the mushkenu free man without land. The ardu was a slave, but ardu, even a slave person, could own property and even other slaves. -
1782 BCE
The Second Intermediate Period in Egypt
In 1800 BCE, the Hyksos appeared in Egypt. They got power and took control of the Lower Egypt in 1720 BCE. They make the Upper Egypt a vassal. This is the Second Intermediate Period. They brought to Egypt many new aspects, such as horses, bronze artifacts, ceramics, and other things, but the Egyptians hated the Hyksos. -
1754 BCE
Code of Hammurabi
The Code of Hammurabi was written in 1754 BCE by the king of Babylon, Hammurabi. It is one of the oldest and largest writings deciphered of laws. It counts with laws and punishments that vary according to social status. -
1650 BCE
Collapse of Minoan Civilization
This civilization collapsed because of the overuse of natural resources and was conquered by the Mycenaeans. The eruption of a volcano between 1650 and 1550 BCE and the tsunami that this gets with is the final of the Minoan. The cities were destroyed. -
1570 BCE
The New Kingdom
Ahmose I started the New Kingdom. During this period, the name of the pharaoh came to Egypt. Most of the great pharaohs and structures were at this time. -
1479 BCE
Hatshepsut
The first woman to rule ancient Egypt. She started her reign as regent of her stepson, led as a woman, and then started to be chosen as a male pharaoh. The temple of Deir el-Bahri is known as the most interesting, and this temple was her temple. -
1453 BCE
Collapse of Byzantine Empire
The decline of the Byzantine Empire started with the Bubonic plague. Then came the defeat of the Byzantine garrison in the Italian peninsula, which made it hard to stop the arab invasion. In the battle of Manzikert, the Byzantine army was destroyed, and after this, the empire lost a lot of territory. However, the end of the Byzantine Empire came in 1453 CE when the Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople. -
1336 BCE
King Tutankhamun
One of the most recognized pharaohs in actuality. His reign was short, and the little thing that we know about him is the restoration of ancient temples. The fame that he has is mainly for the things that were found in his tomb. -
1290 BCE
Ramesses II
Ramesses the Great, at the age of 22, was leading a campaign in Nubia. He got onto the throne in 1290 BCE after his father's death. Ramesses built projects for his victory in the Kadesh campaign. He conquered Nubians, Libyans, and Hittites during his reign. -
1200 BCE
Dark Ages
Mesopotamia came into the Dark Ages during the 1200 BCE. The system collapsed by the Sea Peoples. The Kingdom of Israel benefited from this and became its independet state. -
1000 BCE
Etruscan Civilization
In the center of Italy in the first millennium BCE, the Etruscan civilization occupied this area. In the eighth and seventh centuries BCE, this civilization became part of the Mediterranean trade, and they expanded their territory. The wealth of them come from the natural resources. Kings ruled the Etruscan, and those kings were the ones that first ruled Rome; they got many of their aspects from them. There are no written records of this civilization. It comes from archaeological documents. -
934 BCE
Neo-Assyrian Civilization
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the first real empire in the world. Reign at the beginning by Adad Nirari II. Their military policies are known as the cruelties. -
800 BCE
Archaic Period
The Archaic period goes from the VIII century BCE to 480 BCE when the Persians, for the second time, invaded Greece. In this period, the Greek population increased significantly, and there was development in their politics, economics, international relations, culture, and other aspects. The Greek alphabet comes in this period and is the earliest example of Greek literature. -
786 BCE
Islamic Golden Age
During the 8th to the 13th century, the Islamic ruled in different aspects, such as economics, science, the caliphates, and other elements. This period began in the reign of Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid. This started with the House of Wisdom, where many scholars translated classical into Arabic. -
700 BCE
Age of Tyranny
In the middle of the 7th century BCE, Archaic Greece was known as the “Age of Tyranny.” There is much evidence of how tyranny increased in the 7th century. One is from Aristotle, who talks of how the people put the tyrants because the nobility was less tolerable. Still, there is no evidence of that period; we can't know if it is the case. -
644 BCE
Umayyad family
The Umayyad family came to power as the third caliph from 644 to 656. The regime went after the First Muslim Civil War, and Syria stayed as the central power of the Umayyads. This period was marked by the territorial expansion and the problems that this made. -
626 BCE
Neo-Babylonians Empire
The Chaldean Empire started in 626 BCE and ended in 539 BCE. Their culture and traditions come from the ancient Sumero culture. Nebuchadnezzar II made Babylon a city in the legend that it was. -
570 BCE
Muhammad
In 610, in a cave in Mecca, a man had a vision of a man called Muhammad, and about this round a belief of him. he was born in 570, and his family was a poor clan but active in Mecca politics. Meditating in a cave in Mount Hira, he had a revelation, so he started thinking that god called him a prophet. -
550 BCE
Cyrus the Persian
Cyrus II became The Great in 550 BCE. He conquered the Medes, and the first Persian Empire was established. Cyrus the Great also controlled the Achaemenid through the loyalty of regional monarchs. He was known for his human rights and political influences on the civilizations. -
500 BCE
Classical Greece
this period of Greece was during the annexation of Greece to the Persian empire and its independence. It was through the 5th to the 4th centuries BCE. Classical Greece was the one that had a significant influence on the Roman Empire and Western civilization. This period was succesed by the Hellenistic period. -
500 BCE
Athenian Democracy
In the city of Athens in the 5th century BCE, the first democracy in the world. After this, other towns in Greece also put this model into practice. The Athens democracy was direct, so the citizens voted and participated. Participation was only open to adult men who owned land. -
499 BCE
Greco-Persian Wars
The Greco-Persian Wars began in 499 BCE and ended in 449 BCE. This war was between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and the Greek city-states. The battle started because Cyrus the Great conquered the region of Ionia in 547 BCE; this was part of Greece. A rebellion started and was known as the Ionian Revolt. -
450 BCE
Twelve Tables
The first records of Roman law were enacted in 450 BCE in the Twelve Tables. In this law code, the problems of the plebeians were treated. Problems as there is family life and private property. Plebians were allowed to marry. -
323 BCE
The Hellenistic Age
After the death of Alexander initiated the start of the Hellenistic Age. The empire then was divided into four generals of Alexander, and the influence of this made Greece dominant. During this time, 250 Hellenistic colonies were formed. At this time, there existed an enormous movement of people in the Mediterranean. -
306 BCE
Constantie
Constantine was emperor of both sides. Constantine made a law in 317 CE, the Edit of Milan, which has to do with his religious belief, benefiting the Christians. He revalued the currency of the Empire, the military. He founded the city of Byzantium, know as Constantinople. -
306 BCE
Constantine’s Relationship with Christianity
Christianity's religion became dominant in the Roman Empire because of Constantine. One of the reasons why Constantine became part of the Christians is his mother. He decides to stop the persecution of Christians. The emperor became the patron of the Church. -
300 BCE
Concrete
In the third century BCE, the concrete was perfected. The Romas used water, lime, and pozzolana, volcanic ash, to make the concrete. The principal material that they used was this, which helped to build more structures in comparison with other civilizations. -
284 BCE
Imperial Crisis
The Imperio was in constant civil war, the empire was broken into three regions, and Diocletian reunited the empire again. Diocletian still divided the empire in half to make it easy to administer. Then came the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire. Another effect of the imperial crisis of the Roman Empire was the problems of clarity in the succession. He selected Maxentius and Constantine as successors, and then Constantine defeated Maxentius at the battle. -
144 BCE
The Aqua Marcia
The Roman aqueducts are a significant thing of the Roman Republic for using their arch. The Aqua Marcia was the longest of these. It supplied water to the Viminal Hill and the Caelian, Aventine, Palatine, and Capitoline Hills. -
100 BCE
Mithraism
In the 1st century CE came the mystery cult of Mithraic Mysteries. It was spread from the Italian Peninsula and came across the Roman Empire. Their deity was Mithras, the god of friendship. -
31 BCE
Emperor Augustus
From 31 BCE to the 14, Augustus ruled the Roman Empire. He reformed the laws of the city of Rome, and he secured the borders. Augustus initiated a time of peace in Rome, and his name last as one of the best.