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schooling in 1800's
A single teacher would typically have students in the 1st-8th grade, and she taught them all. The number of students varied from six to 40 or more. The youngest children called Abecedarians, because they would learn their ABCs sat in the front, while the oldest students sat in the back. The room was heated by a single wood stove. The teacher taught reading, writing, arithmetic, history, and geography. Students memorized and recited their lessons. -
Modern Black board
James Pillans invents the first modern black board -
Johan Pestalozzi "How Gertrude Teaches Her Children"
Pestalozzi's most systematic work, How Gertrude Teaches Her Children (1802) was a way of conventional schooling and a prescription for educational reform. Rejecting corporal punishment, rote memorization, and bookishness, he envisioned schools that were homelike institutions where teachers actively engaged students in learning by sensory experiences. Such schools were to educate individuals who were well rounded intellectually, morally, and physically. Through engagement (hands on) learning -
Louisiana Purchase
Representatives of the United States and Napoleonic France conclude negotiations for the Louisiana, a massive land sale that doubles the size of the young American republic. What was known as Louisiana Territory comprised most of modern-day United States between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains, with the exceptions of Texas, parts of New Mexico, and other pockets of land already controlled by the United States. A formal treaty for the Louisiana Purchase -
Supplies needed for schooling in 1800's
Parents didn’t have to worry about purchasing long lists of school supplies. There weren’t different school supplies to buy according to grade. No one was expected to find gluten free paint for art projects. The list was simple: 1) a slate, and 2) chalk. That’s it! -
Lancasterian model
New York Public School Society formed by wealthy businessmen to provide education for poor children. Schools are run on the "Lancasterian" model, in which one "master" can teach hundreds of students in a single room. The master gives a rote lesson to the older students, who then pass it down to the younger students. -
How the day went
The school day lasted from 9:00am and ended at 2:00 or 4:00pm, with one hour for lunch. Lunch did not include lunchables, Students brought metal pails (normally they used old lard pails) filled with biscuits or cornbread and whatever else the family happened to have on hand. Every student drank water from the same metal dipper. -
How they heated the room
to heat the room they would have a wood stove, in the front and heat the whole room, they dont get wood until its winter and pretty good in the autumn they would have to be kinda chilly in the morning and wait until the sun heat them up -
Child labor
2 million school-age children were working 50-70 hour weeks. Most children had poor families. When parents could not support their children, they sometimes turned them over to a mill or factory owner. One glass factory in Massachusetts was fenced with barbed wire "to keep the young imps inside." These were boys under 12 who carried loads of hot glass all night for a wage of 40 cents to $1.10 per night. They didnt have a choice to work, and they got paid barely anything for their hardwork -
war of 1812
The War of 1812, sometimes called the "Second War of Independence," occurs for multiple reasons, including U.S. desires for territorial expansion and British harassment of U.S. merchant ships. -
First school for the blind
First permanent school for the blind Founded in 1812, Perkins was the first school for the blind established in the United States. The school was originally named the New England Asylum for the Blind and was incorporated on March 2, 1829. The name was eventually changed to Perkins School For the Blind. -
Deaf education is beginning
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet met a little girl named Alice Cogswell, who inspired him to create a school for the deaf in the United States. he traveled to Europe to gain insight on their methods of teaching deaf students. He attempted to learn from the Braidwood system, but the administrators wanted him to sign a contract, remain at the school for several years to be trained in oralism, he refused. -
Free Public schools are established
Boston Town meeting calls for establishment of the system of free public primary school. -
First public high school
First public highschool opens in Boston, the High school was named the English Classical High school. When they first had opened they had an enrollment of 101 boys. -
1st african american to receive an college degree
Alexander Lucius Twilight at Middleburg College first U.S. College. He received his bachelors degree in 1823. He was also a pioneer in politics, -
Hartford Female Seminary
Catherine Beecher founds the Hartford Female seminary. Students learned primarily fine arts and languages in schools at this time, but Beecher offered a full range of subjects.She was an early pioneer of physical education for girls, Beecher introduced calisthenics to improve women’s health and in defiance of prevailing notions of women’s fragility. -
New law
State of Massachusetts passes a law requiring towns of more than 500 families to have public education also making it free of charge -
Typewriter Invented
The typewriter was invented by W.A. Burt. It was called the Typographer. It had changed schooling making a new thing to type on, more modern. was more efficient for work to get done. -
Perkins institute for the blind
New England Asylum for the blind now opens in Massachusetts. It began with 6 students, within 6 years, the institution had ten times that number. Blind and deaf American children could attend a school that would teach them reading,writing,and mathematics. Students were taught to use their sense of touch to compensate for their lack of sight. The school grew steadily through the 19th century until it became the worldrenowned institution it is today. The schoolsmost famous graduate is Helen Keller -
Law forbidding learning to read
Southern states have laws forbidding teaching people in slavery to read. Even so, around 5 percent become literate at great personal risk -
McGuffey readers is published
Mcguffey readers is published and became known as one of the most influential text book of the 19th century. McGuffey's educational course begins, in the Primer, by presenting the letters of the alphabet to be memorized, in sequence. Children are then taught to use the building blocks of their language to form and pronounce words. Each lesson begins with a study of words used in the reading exercise the words presented with markings to show correct pronunciation and syllabification. -
St. Mary's Hall
Originally established as a female seminary by George Washington Doane the 2nd bishop of the episcopal church of New Jersey. First academic school for women in the United States founded on Church Principles. -
Students arrive
80 students arrive at Mt. Holyoke Female Seminary 1st college for women in the U.S. Mary lyon is the founder of the college, it is still there to this day -
1st formally trained african american medical doctor
Dr. James MCcune Smith was the first african american to earn a medical degree. He earned his medical, master's, and baccalaureate degrees at Glasgow University in Scotland, he was also a prominent abolitionist and suffragist, compassionate physician, prolific writer, and public intellectual. He was denied admission to colleges in the United States, his native land, He then returned to New York City in 1837, Smith became the first black physician to publish articles in US medical journals -
state funded school
1st state funded school specifically for teacher education, it opens in Lexington, Massachusetts. The Normal School was established in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It operates today as Framingham State University. In the United States teacher colleges or normal schools began to evolve past their initial mission of training teachers. These institutions formed programs in the sciences, engineering, technology, health and business. -
Education law
Ohio becomes the first state to adopt a bilingual education law, allowing for German-English instruction at parents’ requests. English was commonly the language of instruction in public schools, but other languages were just as likely to be used exclusively in private or parochial schools serving immigrant populations clustered in specific areas. -
Schooling for women
Women had a big chance at schooling they were called Dame Schools in their homes for the youngest children. While the dame-school teachers were not particularly well educated, they did demonstrate that women could teach. younger women were becoming better educated; the United States, in fact, had a very high degree of female literacy. The Common School reformers seized on the idea of hiring women to teach in the new schools. -
Irish immigrant
Over a million Irish immigrants arrive in the United States, driven out of their homes in Ireland by the potato famine. Irish Catholics in New York City struggle for local neighborhood control of schools as a way of preventing their children from being force-fed a Protestant curriculum. They often were crammed into shanty towns, living in shacks cobbled together out of discarded boards and other debris. Sanitation was haphazard at best. -
1st African American to practice law
After passing the bar exam, he was granted his license to practice law in Maine. Allen was the first Black man licensed to practice law in the U.S. It was hard finding legal work in Maine because whites didn't want to hire a black attorney and few Blacks lived in Maine. In 1845 he moved to Boston, Massachusetts he walked 50 miles to the bar exam test site because he could not afford transportation and passing the exam. Allen and Robert Morris then opened the first Black law office in U.S -
Texas is annexed
The United States annexes Texas. -
Spencerian Penmanship
Platt Rogers Spencer develops the first widely used handwriting teaching system in schools, called Spencerian penmanship. -
Special Ed schooling was made
Samuel Gridley Howe helps establish the experimental school for teaching and training idiotic children. He also helped to initiate schools for mentally retarded children and deaf children. Howe has rightly been called the most significant and foresighted figure in the American history of special education. -
how they took care of the ones who refused public school
Massachusetts Reform School at Westboro opens, where children who have refused to attend public schools are sent. This begins a long tradition of "reform schools," which combine the education and juvenile justice systems. -
1st african american college professor
Charles Lewis Reason was the first African-American professor to teach at a predominately white college. Reason was named a professor at the Free Mission College, now known as New York Central College, in Courtland County. The school began admitting Black students and Reason taught a series of subjects including Greek, Latin, and French but also served as an adjunct mathematics professor. Reason left the college after 3 years and became principal at the Institute for Colored Youth in Phil. -
1st graduate
1st women graduates from medical school. Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to graduate from medical school from Geneva College, New York. She was a pioneer in promoting the education of women in medicine in the United States, and a social and moral reformer in both the United States and in the United Kingdom. Her sister Emily was the third woman in the US to get a medical degree. -
new school in NY
NY state Asylum opens for idiotic children, it is called Syracuse State School. The New York State Asylum for Idiots was authorized by the New York State Legislature in 1851. Harvey B. Wilbur, M.D., was appointed the first superintendent and remained in that position for 32 years until his death in 1883. -
State of massachusetts
State of Massachusetts passes first its compulsory education law goal is to make sure that the children of poor immigrants get "civilized" and learn obedience and restraint, so they make good workers and don't contribute to social upheaval. -
Attendance for schools in Massachusetts
Massachusetts enacts 1st mandatory attendance law. The law included mandatory attendance for children between the ages of eight and fourteen for at least three months out of each year, of these twelve weeks at least six had to be consecutive. The penalty for not sending your child to school was a fine not greater than $20.00 and the violators were to be prosecuted by the city. The local school committee did not have the authority to enforce the law and although the law was ineffective. -
Funding begins in schooling
Pennslyvania begins funding a private school for children with intellectual disabilities. it was called the Pennsylvania Training school for feeble minded children. -
PUBLIC library
boston public library opens to the public. The Boston Public Library's first building of its own was a former schoolhouse located on Mason Street that was opened to the public on March 20, 1854. The library's collections approximated 16,000 volumes, and it was obvious from the day the doors were first opened that the quarters were inadequate. -
Ashmun Institute is founded
1st institute to provide a higher education in arts and science for male youth of African decent. In 1854 Rev. John Miller Dickey, a Presbyterian minister, and his wife, Sarah Emlen Cresson, a Quaker, founded Ashmun Institute, later named Lincoln University. They named it after Jehudi Ashmun. They founded the school specifically for the education of African Americans, who had few opportunities for higher education. The Pennsylvania legislature granted its charter on April 29, 1854. -
1st kindergarten
In the United States Margarethe Schurz founded the first kindergarten in Watertown, Wisconsin, in 1856. Kindergarten did not teach academic skills like reading and writing but instead sought to educate the whole child, a goal that encompassed a large range of social welfare and educational activities from helping to clothe, feed, and clean children to teaching urban children about nature study. -
National teachers association
national teachers association is founded by 43 educators in Philadelphia. The NEA was founded in Philadelphia in 1857 as the National Teachers Association (NTA). Zalmon Richards was elected the NTA's first president and presided over the organization's first annual meeting in 1858.The NTA became the National Education Association (NEA) in 1870 -
1st african american college instructor
she was hired in 1858 at Wilberforce University in Wilberforce, Woodson she became the first African-American woman college instructor. She was also the first black to teach at an Historically Black College or University and the only black to teach at an HBCU before the Civil War. Her brother, Rev. Lewis Woodson, was a trustee and founder of the college. -
Horace Mann
Horace Mann becomes second of the newly formed Massachusetts state of Board of Education. He began this career from being a lawyer and legislator. He started making the school in may 4, 1796 until August 2, 1859. -
theory of evolution
The theory of evolution is published. Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species is published on November 24, introducing his theory that species evolve through the process of natural selection, and setting the stage for the controversy surrounding teaching the theory of evolution in public schools that persists to this day. -
NEA
The NEA announces its support of physical education in public schools. And it isnt the National Teachers Association anymore now Nation Education Association -
1st Womenafrican american to get bachelors degree
Mary Jane Patterson earned her bachelors degree, Patterson became the nation’s first African-American woman to receive a bachelor’s degree.
After graduation, Mary Jane Patterson taught at the Institute for Colored Youths in Philadelphia, then accepted a teaching position in Washington D.C at the Preparatory High School for Colored Youths. In 1871, she became the first black principal of the newly-founded Preparatory High School for Negroes. -
Land grant Act
The First Morrill Act, or the Land Grant Act becomes a new law. It donates public lands to states, the sale of which will be used for the funding support, and maintenance of at least one college where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts. -
1st african american president of a college
Daniel Payne was also a co-founder of Wilberforce University in 1856. In 1856, the AME Church purchased the college and selected Payne as its president. Payne was the first African American college president in the United States. He served in the role until 1877. -
music education
The NEA announces its support of
music education in public schools -
Illegal to be taught in their own language
Congress makes it illegal for Indians to be taught in their native language. This policy began in 1864 and continued on a large scale through the 1970s; In these institutions, children were severely punished, both physically and psychologically, for using their own languages instead of English. this convinced families of Native people that their children would be better off learning to speak only English. Parents stopped passing their languages on to their children -
Civil War
civil war ends in south many schools closed. For the safety of the kids this was one of the bloodiest wars. -
Education
in washington DC howard university provide education for african american youths in art and science. Financial support provided by Freedmen's Bureau. -
dept. of education
The Department of Education created to help states establish effective school systems. While the agency's name and location within the Executive Branch have changed over the past 130 years, this early emphasis on getting information on what works in education to teachers and education policymakers continues down to the present day. -
funding
George Peabody funds the two-million-dollar Peabody Education Fund to aid public education in southern states. -
First school for deaf
Boston creates first school for deaf. As the oldest public day school for the deaf in the United States, the Horace Mann School remains unique by serving students ages 3-22 in a comprehensive school that is addressing education reform. -
Society to encourage studies
The Society to Encourage Studies at Home is founded in Boston by Anna Eliot Ticknor. The purpose is to allow women the opportunity for study and enlightenment and becomes the first correspondence school in the United States. -
Economy lessens
economic depresses results in reduced revenues for education, southern schools are hit hard making a bad situation even worse. -
Michigan Supreme Court
Michigan supreme court rules that Kalamazoo may leave taxes levy support public high school important precedent for similar rulings in other states. -
New ruling of civil rights act
civil rights act in all public accommodations ruled unconstitutional -
First medical school
Meharry Medical College is founded in Nashville, Tennessee. It is the first medical school in the south for African Americans. -
Dewey decimal system
The Dewey Decimal System, developed by Melvil Dewey in 1873, is published and patented. The DDC is still the worlds most widely-used library classification system -
first indian boarding school
The first Indian boarding school opens in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. It becomes the model for a total of 26 similar schools, all with the goal of assimilating Indian children into the mainstream culture. The schools leave a controversial legacy. Though some see them as a noble, albeit largely unsuccessful experiment, many view their legacy to be one of alienation and "cultural dislocation." -
NO option for schooling
schooling was now made to be a forced thing, they didn't get a decision on if they wanted to go to school or their parents didn't get a decision like if they wanted him to work instead they had to go to school first. As the main tenet of the effort to assimilate them into Anglo-American culture, Native American children are forced to attend boarding schools where they are required to speak English and attend church. -
elementary education act of 1880
act of 1880 made education an compulsory until age 10. Under the act, a person shall not take into his employment any child who: is under the age of ten; being between the ages of ten and 13, has not obtained such certificate either of his or her proficiency in reading, writing, and elementary arithmetic, or of previous due attendance at a certified efficient school. -
First Principal
Booker T. Washington becomes the first principal of the newly-opened normal school in Tuskegee, Alabama, now Tuskegee University. -
First Pen
first practical fountain pen is patented. first practical fountain pen was patented by Lewis Edson Waterman in 1884. Legend has it that Waterman, a 45-year-old insurance salesman, had an appointment with a very important prospect for a substantial insurance policy. On the way to the meeting, he decided to buy one of the new fountain pens that had come onto the market. but when Waterman handed him the pen, all it would do was blot, and so with no signature, no policy. -
1st txtbook on education psycology is published
Louisa Hopkins published the first textbook on education psychology. -
FIrst school
Jane Addams and her college friend Ellen Gates Starr found Hull House in a Chicago, Illinois neighborhood of recent European immigrants. It is the first settlement house in the U.S. Included among its many services are a kindergarten and a night school for adults. Hull House continues to this day to offer educational services to children and families. -
Second Morill Act
second Morill act support of colleges though selling public land.The Morrill Act, also known as the Land Grant College Act, was a major boost to higher education in the United States. It gave each state 30,000 acres of public land for every member to its congressional delegation based on the 1860 census. -
Stanford is found
Stanford University is founded in 1891 by former California Governor and railroad tycoon Leland Stanford in memory of his son, Leland Jr. -
Secondary School curriculum
Nation education association was formed to establish a standard secondary school curriculum. The National Education Association addressed this issue by appointing a Committee of Ten in 1892 to establish a standard curriculum. This committee was composed mostly of educators and was chaired by Charles Eliot, the president of Harvard University. Eliot led the committee to two major recommendations. -
Education was extended
right for education was extended to deaf and blind children -
Compulsory law
education was now a compulsory law until age 11 -
school board cut in half
Size of school boards in the country's 28 biggest cities is cut in half. Most local district based positions are eliminated, in favor of city-wide elections. This means that local immigrant communities lose control of their local schools. Makeup of school boards changes from small local businessmen and some wage earners to professionals (like doctors and lawyers), big businessmen and other members of the richest classes. -
Segregration in public school
Plessy v. Ferguson decision. The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the state of Louisiana has the right to require separate but equal railroad cars for Blacks and whites. This decision means that the federal government officially recognizes segregation as legal. One result is that southern states pass laws requiring racial segregation in public schools. -
PTA is founded
National congress of mothers is founded becomes PTA. A parent-teacher association (PTA) or parent-teacher-student association (PTSA) is a formal organization composed of parents, teachers and staff that is intended to facilitate parental participation in a school. -
1st imperial study
1st imperial study on school learning published by J. Rice between time on task and learning -
Compulsory act
act made compulsory until 13 -
Children Immigrating
The numbers of immigrants were so great that around seventy-thousand immigrant children were denied an education because there was no more room, particularly in urban schools. To accommodate the immigrants and their children, and help them to adjust to American society, urban school systems created special courses to teach English and provide instruction in American political and civic values (American Decades). -
Science groups created
creation science groups started to persuade school boards to give equal time to creation science. -
joliet junior college
Joliet Junior College, in Joliet, Illinois, opens. It is the first public community college in the U.S. -
Curriculum changed
increasing number of people, was to change the school’s curriculum it represented the values of the school systems and their students. the growing number of children in school districts brought about the development of large urban schools. The new system followed expertise,efficiency over other characteristics, such as individual, was closed between schools and their communities, but also allowed for order, regularity, and predictability more beneficial for larger amount of students -
one room school houses
schools during this time were often one room schoolhouses, they didnt really have huge school unless they could afford it, an had enough people to teach. But usually one room schoolhouses -
Mary Bethune
Mary McCoy Bethune found Daytona educational and industrial training school for negro girls in Daytona beach -
how rules have changed
children who were tardy had to write lines and if you were slouching they had to sit with a back straightener -
Public education for chinese immigrants
The U.S. Supreme Court requires California to extend public education to the children of Chinese immigrants. -
Alfred Binets
Alfred binets is published in France describes work with the measurement of mental retardation -
Carniege foundation
Carniege foundation for Advancement of teaching is founded -
psyhcology and pedogy
eb hubey publishes the first book about psycology and pedogy -
Junior high
junior high school is formed. The Columbus Board of Education formally approved the creation of junior high schools in Columbus, Ohio on July 6, 1909, with Indianola Junior High School being the first. Its school building, located at 140 East 16th Avenue in Columbus, still stands. -
Phebe Sudlow
first female superintendent of a large city school system. Her name was Phebe Sudlow. Because she was a good teacher, the city school superintendent asked her to come to Davenport. Phebe Sudlow left a rural school in Scott County near Davenport and began teaching in the city. In only three years she was principal. The Civil War had just begun. Many men including teachers were leaving to join the army, and women were hired to fill the jobs they left when they went to war. -
first issue
journal of education and psycology is published -
The Montessori Method
Montessori education is an educational approach developed by Italian physician and educator Maria Montessori based on her extensive research with special needs children and characterized by an emphasis on independence, freedom within limits, and respect for a child’s natural psychological, physical, and social development. -
Achievement tests
Achievement tests are 1st used on a large scale in New York city -
National Salary Scale
The National Union of Teachers campaigns for a national salary scale. -
Edward Lee Thorndikes
Edward Lee Thorndikes- education of psychology is published which describes his theory on human learning -
Smith Leaver Act
smith leaver act establishes a system of a cooperative extension service connected to land grant university and provides federal funds for extension activates. -
American Federation of teachers
American federation of teachers is founded. The American Federation of Teachers is an American labor union that represents teachers, the union was founded in Chicago in 1916, with Margaret Haley credited as its founder and first leader. -
IQ scale beginning
IQ scale is completed. The score on the Binet-Simon scale would reveal the child's mental age. ... American psychologist Lewis Terman at Stanford University revised the Binet-Simon scale, which resulted in the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (1916). It became the most popular test in the United States for decades. -
Democracy and Education
John Dewey published democracy and education is published dewey advances the ideas of the progressive education movement to make schiols more effective agents of democracy -
School Certificate
Exam council set up for secondaries: School Certificate examinations begin. Conscription causes teacher shortages. -
Sex ed
A sex education program is
introduced citywide in public
high schools in Chicago, Illinois. -
Smith Hughes act
Congress passes the Smith-Hughes act, allowing
funds for vocational education below the college level. -
School closes
The Carlisle Indian Industrial School closes in 1918. Famous athlete Jim Thorpe is among the school's thousands of alumni -
Fisher Edcuation Act
Fisher Education Act raises school leaving age from 12 to 14 and ends all fees for elementary education. -
The Curriculum
Franklin Bobbitts, the curriculum focuses on curriculum matters exclusively and to attempt the comprehensive task of providing both a full explanation of curriculum principles and a complete set of specific procedures for creating curricular. -
Burnham Comittee
The Burnham Committee introduces national pay scales for elementary teachers. -
progressive education association
progressive education association is founded. traditional teacher-centered and curriculum-centered educational approaches, what was known as "the progressive education movement" was formed by educational reformers who were particularly active in the United States from the 1890s to 1930s, promoting the ideas of child-centered education, social reconstruction-ism, active citizen participation in all spheres of life, and democratization of all public institutions. -
post war Education
The Lewis committee examining plans for post-war education of adolescents recommends leaving age of 14. -
Lewis Terman
Lewis terman launches a longitudinal of intellectual superior children at Stanford -
Little Albert study is conducted
The "Little Albert" experiment was a famous psychology experiment conducted by behaviorist John B. Watson and graduate student Rosalie Rayner. John B.Watson was interested in taking Pavlov's research further to show that emotional reactions could be classically conditioned in people. -
Study of Dyslexia
Samuel Orton begins his extensive study of dyslexia, hypothesizing that it could be neurological versus visual, and that it was likely connected to left-handedness. His first assumption is right. His second one, not so. -
Braille was formed
Louis Braille is born on January 4, at Coupvray, near Paris. At three years of age, an accident caused him to become blind, and in 1819 he was sent to the Paris Blind School, which was originated by Valentin Huay. This changed schooling because students that were blind could never understand and so now they are getting the chance too
