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The Sun War
As the major powers of the world obliterate themselves, the Socialist Republic of the Rio Plata and the Military Dictatorship of the Brazilian Republic, seizing this opportunity, enter into open conflict alongside their proxies, resulting in the destruction of many major South American cities, the collapse of all South American governments, with the exception of Uruguay, and the beginning of the Long Dark period. -
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Nuclear Winter
South America is not spared the harshness of atomic warfare's effects on the climate, as much of the continent suffers drastic temperature drops as a result of smoke blanketing the atmosphere reducing sunlight.