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Ellen Swallow is Born!
Ellen Swallow was born in Dunstable, Massachusetts in 1842. Both of her parents where teachers and, as such, they understood the necessity of a solid education. -
Justin Smith Morrill/Morrill Act of 1862
The federal government decided that specific parts of land were to be assigned and given in each state in order to create universities. -
Finally Advancing!
Ellen Swallow was admitted to Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York in 1868, where she graduated within two years. -
Land Grant University in North West Arkansas!
The University of Arkansas in Fayetteville was designated in 1871 and opened later on in 1872.This was in accordance with the Morrill Land-Grant Acts. -
Land Grant Univeristy in Pine Bluff!
Due to segregated systems, The University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, which was originally the Arkansas Agricultural, Mechanical and Normal, opened in 1873 as a second Land Grant University. It was a dedicated for the education of black students at the time. -
Further Than Ever!
Ellen Swallow was admitted into Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), wherein she was the first woman to ever be a student. She graduated with her second degree, which was in Chemistry. -
Working Team
Ellen Swallow becomes Ellen Richards when she marries Professor Robert Richards. They studied, taught, and wrote books to make life easier. -
Empowering Women with Education
Ellen Swallow Richards became a moving force behind the social push to get women into higher education programs. She developed and fund-raised for the first Women's Laboratory at MIT. -
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Changing Demographics in the United States
Farming families moved to the cities.
European immigrants set out to America for a better life.
Poverty struck one-third of the population.
Disease control was practically nonexistent. -
Founding of the American Home Economics Association 1909
In Lake Placid New York, at the Tenth Lake Placid Conference, Ellen Richards was elected as the first president of the American Home Economics Association. -
Smith-Lever Act of 1914
The Smith Lever Act of 1914 sought to expand the knowledge of current developments in vocational education. Agricultural Experiment Stations were added as a mandatory expansion to all of the land-grant colleges. This was to facilitate proper development in each of the various fields of vocational education, including home economics. It also established the Cooperative Extension Service. -
Smith Hughes Act of 1917
The Smith Hughes Act separated vocational education from the standard high school requirements. It sought to promote the expansion of career and technical education, as well as federal funding to support those desiring to enter various fields. Home economics was included in the Act. -
World War I Requires Women to Work
With men being drafted to fight, women were needed to take over factory work to sustain the wars needs. This changed the way society treated women. -
Great Depression
The Temporary Emergency Relief Administration used home economists to make people aware of necessary nutritional needs and taught skills that helped to stretch everyday items. -
Changing Consumerism
Convenience became extremely important. More people where employed. Products were designed to make life simpler. Parenting became an open topic. -
Vocational Education Act 1963
With the rise in Consumerism, John F. Kennedy decided that labor training became a necessity. The Vocational Education Act of 1963 further developed and financially aided vocational education programs. -
Vocational Education Act Amendment 1968
The Act shifted to address the individual as a more important entity. Education was directed to develop students in ways that would enhance their talents and skills. -
Vocational Education Act 1973
This Act aimed to include disabled individuals under the program. It established funding for independent living centers needed in order to aid those in need. -
Vocational Education Act Amendment 1976
Funding was given to create equal opportunities and diminish discrimination in vocational education. Consumerism and homemaking received special funding in 1976. Program evaluations were deemed necessary every five years. -
Carl Perkins Act 1884
Carl Perkins Act sought to better the preexisting educational standards pertaining to vocational education. This was done in the hopes of boosting the economy by empowering the workforce through education. -
American Home Economics Association to Family and Consumer Sciences
The concept of Consumerism became a focal point in society during the 1990's. The desire to understand the relationship between consumption and the economy was never more popular. The focus on families and communities is just as important now as it ever was.
