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Gibbons V. Ogden case
Thomas Gibbons,steamship trader, wanted to use the New York waterways for his business. He had been given federal permission to do so. He was denied access to these waterways by the State of New York, which cited its law as enforcement. Gibbons sued Ogden, and the Supreme Court agreed to decide the case. -
WORKS CITED
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Expanding A New Nation
The United States was now free from the tyrant hands of Great Britain, from 1824 until 1860 the U.S was still considered nothing to other powerful countries. During this era the United States really expanded their horizons and tried to proved they were worthy. -
Erie Canal completed
Use of the Erie Canal began in Buffalo, New York with the first boat departing for New York City. This opened up the Great Lakes region by cutting the travel time between the two cities one third and shipping costs nine tenths. Cost of the canal was $7 million. On November 4, 1825, the first boat navigating the Erie Canal arrived in New York City. The opening of the Erie Canal contributed to making the city of New York a chief Atlantic port. -
Two founding members of the United States pass away on Independence Day
Deaths of Jefferson and AdamsThomas Jefferson, 3rd President, and John Adams, 2nd President die on the same day within five hours of each other. -
Andrew Jackson becomes president
After four horrid years of national politics,the United States sees the formation on new political parties.The Democratic party behind Andrew Jacskon and the supporters of John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay as the National Republicans, The election for president sees a popular and electoral college vote victory of 178-83 for Andrew Jackson over President John Quincy Adams. -
Tariff of Abominations
Opposing the Tariff of Abominations, the state of South Carolina declares the right of state nullification of federal laws. The Tariff of Abonminations raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South. The South claimed that it was discriminatory and unconstitutional -
Blue Jeans
Levi Strauss, American clothing designer and jeans entrepreneur, is born. He would be credited with manufacturing the first "blue jeans." These jeans would later be wildly popular during the California gold rush in 1849 because of the durablity. -
Indian Removal Act
Trail of TearsThe United States Congress approved the Indian Removal Act, which facilitated the relocation of Indian tribes from east of the Mississippi River. Although this act did not order their removal, it paved the way for increased pressure on Indian tribes to accept land-exchange treaties with the U.S. government and helped lead the way to the "Trail of Tears." -
Nat Turner
A local slave rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia, led by Nat Turner, a black slave, killed fifty-seven white citizens. Turner would be captured on October 30 of the same year, tried, and hanged on November 11 for his part in the uprising. -
Trail of Tears
The six year campaign known as the "Trail of Tears" begins when Washington Irving, Henry Levitt Ellsworth, and Captain Jesse Bean, at the Arkansas River, begin one of the first steps in the U.S. campaign to remove Indians from their homes on the east coast. -
Ordinance of Nullification
The South Carolina Nullification ControversySouth Carolina convention passed the Ordinance of Nullification, which was against the institution of permanent tariffs. The state also, on this issue, threatened to withdraw from the union of the United States of America. -
Two Terms for Jackson!
The second term inauguration occurs for President Jackson, with Martin Van Buren as Vice President after the resignation on December 28, 1832 of John Calhoun as Vice President. Jackson had won a convincing victory in the November election. His defeat of Henry Clay and the National Republicans saw an Electoral College vote of 219 to 49. He also won the popular vote victory -
Pennsylvania Main Line Canal
Pennsylvania's Main Line canal was linked between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh by a system of ten inclined planes which crossed the Allegheny Mountains and began operations. -
The Revolution of Texas
The Revolution of Texas begins with the Battle of Gonzales when Mexican soldiers try to disarm the people of Gonzales, but are resisted by local militia. On November 2-4, 1835 - Texas proclaimed the right to secede from Mexico with Sam Houston taking command of the Texas army. His Texas army would capture San Antonio on December 9. -
The Battle of Alamo
The battle for the Alamo is waged in San Antonio, Texas when 3,000 Mexican troops under Santa Ana attack the mission and its 189 defenders. (Picture of Alamo memorial above) Texas troops lose the battle after a thirteen day siege. On March 2, 1836, Texas independence was declared at a convention of delegates from fifty-seven Texas communities at Washington-on-the-Brazos, making them an independent nation free from Mexican rule. -
Martin Van Buren becomes president
Martin Van Buren, as President, and Richard M. Johnson, Vice President, are inaugurated into office -
The Panic of 1837
Panic of 1837The global economic crises known as the Panic of 1837 begins with the failure of New York City banks and unemployment which would reach record levels. -
Women can now own property
Mississippi WomenIn Jackson, Mississippi, the first state law allowing women to own property is passed. -
President William Henry Harrison sworn into office
President William Henry Harrison, sworn into office only one month before on March 4, dies of pneumonia. His tenure of one month is the shortest in history and his death in office the first for a president of the United States. He is succeeded by Vice President John Tyler. -
A thousand pioneers head West on the Oregon Trail
The first major wagon train headed for the northwest via the Oregon Trail begins with one thousand pioneers from Elm Grove, Missouri.Thereafter, migration on the Oregon Trail was an annual event, although the practice of traveling in giant convoys of wagons gave way to many smaller bands of one or two-dozen wagons. The trail was heavily traveled until 1884, when the Union Pacific constructed a railway along the route. -
The telegraph is born
Samuel B. Morse, inventor of the telegraph, sends the first message over the first telegraph line from Washington to Baltimore. His words were, "What God hath wrought." -
Annexation of Texas
The Congress of Texas votes for annexation to the United States of America with the majority of voters in Texas approving a consitution on October 13. These actions followed the signing of a bill by President Tyler on March 1, authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas. -
Manifest Destiny
U.S. President Polk invokes the concept of Manifest Destiny, announcing to Congress that the Monroe Doctrine should be strictly enforced and that the setlement of the West should be aggressively pursued. -
Texas become the 28th State
The United States admits the Republic of Texas into the Union as the 28th state. -
US declares war on Mexico
The U.S.-Mexican WarWar is declared by the United States against Mexico, backed by southerners while northern Whigs were in opposition. Ten days later, Mexico declares war back. -
Seneca Falls Convention
At the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, N.Y., a woman's rights convention--the first ever held in the United States led by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton layed the foundation for woman's rights movement in the United States. -
The first woman doctor in the United States
The first woman doctor in the United States, Elizabeth Blackwell, is granted her degree by the Medical Institute of Geneva, New York. -
California gold rush
Gold was discovered in California by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in the town of Colona. Seven months later, on August 19, the New York Herald breaks the news of the gold rush to East Coast readers, prompting eighty thousand settlers to travel across the country to San Francisco, California in 1849. -
The Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850
First urged by Senator Henry Clay in January 1850, The compromise of 1850 admits California as the 31st state, without slavery, and adds Utah and New Mexico as territories with no decision on the topic. The Fugitive Slave Law is strengthened under the Compromise, which also ended the slave trade in Washington D.C. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin is published
Harriet Baker Stowe's masterpiece of American slavery, Uncle Tom's Cabin, is published. Stowe wrote this work of anti-slavery in response to the Fugitive Slave Act. It sold 300,000 copies in its first years of publication. -
Gadsden Purchase
The Gadsden Purchase is final with the United States buying a 29,640 square mile tract of land in present-day Arizona and New Mexico for $10 million from Mexico to allow railroad building in the southwest and settle continued border disputes after the Mexican-American War. This act finalized the borders of the Continental United States. -
The Kansas-Nebraska act becomes law
The Kansas-Nebraska act becomes law, allowing the issue of slavery to be decided by a vote of settlers. This established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and would breed much of the rancor that culminated in the actions of the next years of "Bleeding Kansas" . -
James Buchanan elected
James Buchanan is sworn into office as the 15th President of the United States in early march, 1856. A bland Buchanan, although polling less than a majority of the popular vote, won handily. His tally in the Electoral College was 174 to 114 for Fremont. The popular vote was 1,832,955 for Buchanan to 1,399,932 for Fremont. -
Dred Scott v. Sanford
In March of 1857, the Supreme Court led by Chief Justice Roger Taney, handed down the Dred Scott decision. Dred Scott was a Missouri slave whose owner moved with Scott to Illnois and Wisconsin, then back to Missouri. Dred Scott sued for his freedom arguing that since he'd lived in free states, he was free. Dred Scott lost the case because slaves were not citizens so therefore he could not sue. -
The Financial Crash of 1857
The Crash of 1857
The causes for this panic was inflation caused by the California gold, over-production of grain, and over-speculation of land and railroads. The North was hit the hardest, the Sotuh was largely unaffected because "King Cotton". -
Lincoln-Douglas debates
Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of debates, Douglas accepted. The "Lincoln-Douglas debates" were a series of seven debated spread across Illnois. Lincoln was the underdog but proved that he could stand and argue toe-to-toe with Douglas. The debates ended on October 15, 1858. -
John Brown raids Harpers Ferry
John Brown's wild plan to abolish slavery occured on Harper's Ferry, Virgina on October 16th, 1859. His plan was to take over the federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry, he passed out weapons to local slaves, initinated a huge revolt, and freed many slaves. To the south , Brown was a man guilty of murder and treason but to the north they saw Brown as a martyr. -
The pony express begins
The U.S finally has its first postal service, mail between Sacramento, California and St. Joseph's, Missouri is carried over the Oregon Trail for a year and one half by this series of riders on horseback. Service ended on October 24, 1861 due to transcontinental telegraph being invented. -
Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln defeats all three opponents in the campaign for the presidency
Abraham Lincoln was the only one running on an anti-slavery platform. Lincoln defeats democrats Stephen A. Douglas, John C. Breckinridge, and John Bell. This lead to threats of potential rebellion in southern slave states. Although Lincoln won the Electoral College by a large majority, 180 to 123 for all other candidates, the popular vote showed just how split the nation was. -
South Carolina secceds the U.S.
South Carolina Secedes
South Carolina responds to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President by being the first southern state to secede from the Union.
