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George Washington Enters Office
George Washington is elected as the first president of the United States. -
Creation of Presidential Cabinet
Group of advisors and heads of departments meant to advise the president. -
Whiskey Rebellion
Rebellion led by farmers protesting the tax on whiskey. The rebellion was quickly vanquished. -
Neutrality Proclamation(with France)
Proclamation that stated the US would not take part in the dispute France had with neighboring countries. -
Creation of the Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney applies for a patent for a new invention called the cotton gin. This would revolutionize the cotton industry and the south as a while as it vastly increased production of usable cotton and with much more efficiency. -
Jay Treaty
Treaty between Great Britain and the US meant to resolve remaining issues between the two countries. -
Washington Leaves Office
After having served two terms as president Washngton set a precedent by declining to run for a third term. -
XYZ Affair
Incident in which French leaders demanded bribe before speaking to American diplomats. This outraged Americans. -
Alien and Seditions Act
They were four controversial acts passed by the federalist government lead by president John Adams. The naturalization act made it harder for immigrants to become citizens. The Alien Friends Act allowed the president to to deport or imprison any immigrants he deemed dangerous. Also deport any immigrants from a hostile nation. The Sedition Act allowed the president to fine or imprison anyone stating falsehoods about the government. -
Marbury v. Madison
The central issue of the case was forcing the those in the government to do their job, specifically James Madison to to process the remaining justices appointed. The ruling of the case was that yes Marbury had the right to petition the court to force Madison to do his job but that the court could not enforce such an order. The short term effect was that many midnight justices were left without jobs and the king was that the Supreme Court did not have original jurisdiction but judicial review. -
Louisiana Purchase
This was the aquisition of the Louisiana territory from France to the United States for what came out to less than three cents per acre. This was controversial because it is never explicitly said the that Jefferson, the president at the time had the right to purchase land with public funds. -
Embargo of 1807
Embargo blocked all trade against Great Britiain and France made in an attempt to stop conflict between the two nations. -
Jefferson Leaves Office
Jefferson follows Washington's precedent and leaves the office of the president after two terms. -
Jefferson Enters Office
Thomas Jefferson is elected as the third president of the United States. -
Missouri Compromise
Compromise between the north and the south in which a line at 36 30 north latitude was determined as the line that split free states with slave states with all states south of the line being slave states while all states north of the line would be then on free states. -
Jackson Enters Office
Jackson is elected into the office of the president and becomes the 7th president to do so. -
Indian Removal of 1830
Act forcing Native Americans to move west following the the US' expanding population and economy, and pressure from Georgia and other states along the western border. -
Cherokee Nation's Appeal
Appeal made by the Cherokee Nation to the citizens of the US meant to garner sympathy toward their plight. -
Jackson's Second Annual Message
Message attempting to spin the way they were treating the Native Americans into something that was good for everyone. -
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Trail of Tears
After the Indian Removal Act of 1830 was put into effect, all Native Americans were forced to move west, many dying along the way, the tears shed for their lost loved ones and homeland being the the cause for their namesake. It began with the Choctaws forcibly removed and ended with the Cherokee Nations removal. -
Worcester vs. Georgia
The central issue of the case was how much authority and if it had the right to govern people on Cherokee lands. The ruling stating that the government did not have the right illiciting an angry response from Jackson who refused to enforce the law. In long term effects it exposed the weaknesses of the checks and balances system and is now viewed as a major abuse of power by Jackson for having ignored it. The values involved in this ruling was Liberty because they ruled the Cherokees ruled the... -
Nullification Crisis
This was an event in which South Carolina declared tariffs made by the federal government unconstitutional and therefore null. This greatly angered Jackson but a compromise tariff was made. -
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People's Republic of Texas
This was a country formed by American settlers in Mexico, which was currently owned by Spain which they formed with the intention of joining the United States so they could legally own slaves. The United States however rejected their claim and they were abandoned temporarily. They formed their own government however and served as an independent nation. -
Jackson Leaves Presidency
Jackson ceases being president after eight years in office. -
Annexation of Texas
After initially having been rejected as a state by the US, however when John Tyler entered office, it became apparent he wanted the annexation of Texas and sent an offer, when it was eventually accepted and the bill accepting Texas was signed into law by United States President Polk. -
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Mexican-American War
War between newly independent Mexico and the United States following the annexation of Texas. Mexico was in a period of instability and was defeated by the United States. Result was the secession of large swathes of land from Mexico to the United Stated in exchange for 15 million dollars as well as the assumption of debt Mexico owed United States citizens totaling 3.25 million dollars. The Rio Grande was now the National border between Mexico and the United States. -
Wilmot Proviso
This was an amendment to a military appropriations bill which states that any states acquired due to the war with Mexico meaning Utah, New Mexico, and California would be free states without question. -
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California "Gold Rush"
Mass migrations into California causing exponential growth within the region following the discovery of gold. -
Compromise of 1850
The solution to an argument stemming from California declaring itself a free state. The conditions were that California would be a free state, Utah and New Mexico would decide through popular sovereignty, ten million dollars given to Texas, stricter fugitive slave laws, and no trading of slaves in Washington D.C. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and declared that any new state haspopular sovereignty in regards to slavery which means repealed the Missouri Compromise. -
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Bleeding Kansas
Series of violent confrontations between pro and anti slavery proponents -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
The central issue was whether a slave could be brought over state lines into a free country and still be enslaved meaning what laws would apply to them, the state in which they were bought or are currently in. The ruling was that the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional meaning any country could decide and that slaves could not have citizenship and sue for their freedom. The values in this case are hierarchy as they chose not to grant slaves freedom. -
Secession
The act of withdrawing from a federation of body. This was done by many of the Southern States of the US after fears of slavery being abolished and southern culture lost. These seceded states formed the Confederate States of America. -
Lincoln Enters Office
Lincoln, a moderate republican is elected into the presidency of the United States, eventually becoming one of the our nations greatest presidents of all time. -
Lincoln Enters Office
Lincoln, a moderate republican is elected into the presidency of the United States, eventually becoming one of the our nations greatest presidents of all time. -
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Civil War
Following the states attempting to secede from the union, President Lincoln moved to stop such an action, and thus began the civil war between the Union consisting of the northern states and the Confederacy, consisting of many Southern states. -
Battle of Antietam
Battle between the north and the south which took place in Washinton county in Maryland. The victor of the battle was inconclusive however the south was repulsed and it was enough for Abraham Lincoln to issue the emancipation proclamation -
Emancipation Proclamation
A Proclamation made by Lincoln which declared all persons held as slaves in rebellious states free. -
Habeas Corpus Suspension Act of 1863
Habeas Corpus is a legal writ in which prisoners can seek freedom from unlawful imprisonment. Lincoln chose to suspend this in order to detain southern sympathizer expected of treason and or terrorism. -
Miranda v. Arizona
The central issue was whether statements issued by people arrested if they do not know their rights. The decision was that no, they must be informed of their rights prior to be given the information of their rights. This means that now whenever an accused criminal is arrested they must be told their rights. -
Bethel High School v. Fraser
The central issue was whether a student could have an indecent speech even though it has no actually obscene or lewd words. The court ruled that the school did have a right to punish him for the ruling as they had warned him and any sort indecent speech can be prohibited despite its main use only being double entendres. This ruling gave schools the right to prevent any sort of sexual references they did not want spoken by use of punishment. -
Morse v. Frederick
The main issue was whether a school could restrict a students free speech if it promoted something illegal and offensive at a school supervised event. The ruling was that yes the schools could meaning that students can no longer promote illegal activities on school grounds and free speech for students is becoming more and more defined and clear. -
Riley v. California
The main issue was whether phones could be searched without a warrant. The ruling was that no, a phone cannot be searched without a warrant and is unconstitutional. This case values individualism as it is giving individuals their right to privacy from police officers. This case is yet another example of how the digital age is creating new questions about how phones and other things previously un imagined fall under the constitution. -
Tinker v. Des Moines
The central issue was to what extent could a school limit a students free speech and rights granted in the constitution especially in regards to their right to protest. The ruling was that the school had in fact been unconstitutional in limiting their students speech in this instance as it was not inappropriate nor infringe on any school rules. This ruling is used in many cases around the country. This case defined the students constitutional rights. The values are liberty and individualism. -
Hazel wood School District v. Kuhlmeier
The central issue was whether lower forums for students sponsored by the school could have some of their stories and what they had to say be restricted. The ruling was that yes the school could censor some stories if there were reasonable facts that were motivating such a decision. This in the long term means that there is yet another way that students can have their rights more restricted than others in terms of free speech. Collectivism because individuals can be censored.
