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600 BCE
6th century BCE - 5th century BCE (Ancient Greece):
This period is known as the birth of Western philosophy. Philosophers like Thales of Miletus, Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle laid the foundations of Western philosophy with their inquiries into nature, knowledge, ethics, and politics. -
400 BCE
4th century BCE - 3rd century BCE (Hellenistic):
After the death of Alexander the Great, the Greek world expanded and came into contact with other cultures. Philosophers like Epicurus and the Stoics developed ethical and metaphysical systems seeking happiness and tranquility in a changing world. -
Jan 1, 1400
3th century - 15th century (Middle Ages):
During this period, philosophy was heavily influenced by Christian theology. Philosophers like Thomas Aquinas integrated Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology in an attempt to reconcile faith with reason. -
17th century (Early Modern Period):
Modern philosophy was marked by the scientific revolution and the emergence of rationalism and empiricism. Philosophers like René Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, and David Hume explored topics such as the nature of knowledge, mind, and reality. -
19th century (Early Contemporary Period):
During this period, various philosophical currents emerged, such as German idealism by Kant and Hegel, existentialism by Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, and logical positivism by Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein. -
20th century (Late Contemporary Period):
The 20th century witnessed a great diversity of philosophical movements, including structuralism, post-structuralism, pragmatism, phenomenology, and analytical philosophy, among others. -
21st century
In the 21st century, philosophy continues to evolve and adapt to contemporary challenges such as globalization, technology, and emerging ethical issues. Topics such as digital ethics, artificial intelligence, ecology, feminism, and intercultural philosophy are explored. -