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Aristotle
384-322 B.C, greek philisopher
Species are permanent, perfect, & immutable.
With increasing comlexity, dominant world view for 2000 yrs -
A.D. -Natural Theology (Creationism)
Species are permenent, perfect, immuatble. -
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Swedish physician & botanist whose passion was taxonomy.
Developed hierarchial classification scheme & binomial nomenclature, -
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
French anatomist who largely developed paleontology, the study of fossils.
Deeper strata contain older taxa,
Came up with Catastrophism. -
James Hutton (1726-1797)
Scottish geologist who offered an alternative to catastrophism.
Proposed Earth was millions over thousands of years old.
Came up with idea of Gradualism -
Charles Lyell
incorporated Hutton's Gradualism into theory of Uniformitarianism,
Proposed Earth millions of years old.
Principles of Geology -
Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)
One of 18th & 19th century biologist who hypothesized that traits of species are not immutable.
Stated that changes are adaptations to enviornment acquired in an organism's lifetime.
Aquired changes passed to offspring
Law of Use & Disuse
INheritance of acquired traits. -
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
Plants and animals are capable of producing far more offspring than resources can support; the "struggle for existance" is an inescapable consequence.
Each specie struggles for food, mates, & living space -
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
English gentleman who conceived if natural selection as the principle mechanism of adaptive evolution. -
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913)
organisms evolved from common ancestor
The orgin of Species (1859)