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Thomas Malthus writes his essay on Principles of Population
Majority of this paper was about Malthus' Iron Law of Population. This theory is about the growing population rates would contribute to a rising supply of labor that would lower wages. Malthis also shares the observation that species produce more offsprimng than can survive, which contributes to the idea of natural selection. -
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Charles Lynell publishes Principles of Geology, popularizing the idea that Earth was shaped by slow-acting forces still in operation today
Lynell used geology to support is argument for Uniformitarianism. He used geological proof to determin that the Earth was older than six thousand years. Lynell also had a powerful influence on Charles Darwin, who found rock formations that supported Lynell's theory. -
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Darwin serves as naturalist on HMS Beagle
In 1831, John Henslow, botantist of Cambridge University, recommended Darwin for a position on HMS Beagle. During the 5-year voyage, Darwin went ashore to study rocks and to observe and collect plants and animals. While ashore on the Galapagos islands, he noted that most of the animals were unique and not found anywhere else. He concluded that some animals had come to the archipelago from mainland South America and had subsequently undergone different changes on each of the islands. -
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Darwin develops his ideas that evolution can be explained by descent with modification and natural selection
Darwin analyzes his observations and concludes a theory to explain why organisms of the same species look different in different parts of the world. His theory is called natural selection, which explains that only the best traits survive and continue to the next generation. -
Darwin publsihes The structure and distribution of coral reefs
Coral reefs was Darwin's first monograph. It is second to his other novel to prove from observation, leading to the theory about natural selection. Darwin's theory is observe in coral reefs by over time can become barrier reefs or circular atolls, another type of reefs. -
Darwin's first essay on natural selection
Darwin wrote several papers in his time, but his first paper was written in 1844. His first paper discuss his observations while aboard the HMS Beagle. Therefore, he concluded that these organisms evolved due to natural selection occurring. He duscusses natural selection and how it correlates to the organisms on his voyage in his paper. -
Wallace and Darwin publish papers on natural selection
Wallance only met Darwin once for a brief moment. Wallace and Darwin sent many letters to each other and shared ideas which were published in numerous essays. Wallace's On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely From the Original Type was read by Darwin and added his ideas to it. Essentially they shared the same ideas about evolution. -
Darwin publishes The Origin of Species
The Origin of Species is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin, which is referredto be the beginning of evolutionary biology. Darwin introduced in his novel the scientific theory that populations evolve over many generations through a process of natural selection. -
Mendel publishes his paper on pea genetics
Mendel's pea plant experiments were conducted between 1856 and 1863, which established many rules of heredity. Gregor Mendal, also known as "the father of modern genetics" conducted experiments to study seven traits and how they interact in generations with pea plants. His experiments led to two laws, the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment -
T.H. Morgan establishes Drosophila lab at Columbia University, clarifies role of chromosomes in inheritance
Thomas Morgan began to extensively breed the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster in 1907. He wanted to discover large-scale mutations that would bring the emergence of new species. However, Morgan reinforced Medelian laws of inheritance and the hypothesis that genes are located on chromosomes. -
Genetics and the Origin of species by Th. Dobzhansky
Genetics and the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works of the modern evolutionary synthesis. Dobzhansky applies the theortical work of Sewall Wright ro the study of natural populations, which addresses the evolutionary problems in his novel. In addition, Dobzhansky adds theories of mutation, natural selection, and speciation in his novel to explain habits of populatuions and the effect on their genetic behavior. -
Variation and Evolution in Plants by G. L. Stebbins
George Ledyard Stebbins Jr. is one of the leading evolutionary biologists in the twentieth century. His book, Variation and Evolution in Plants is one of the important publication embodying the modern evolutionary synthesis, which means the first publication to discuss the relationship between genetics and natural selection in plants. -
James Watson and Francis Crick's paper on DNA structure
In 1953, Crick helped with the development of a mathematical theory of X-ray diffraction by a helical molecule. As a result, it matched well with X-ray data for proteins that contain sequences of amino acids in the alpha helix conformation. With Watson, Crick used Photo 51 created by Rosalind Franklin to develop a mdel for a helical structure of DNA, which they published in 1953 -
Emile Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling's molecular clock hypothesis
The molecular clock is a process in molecular evolution that takes fossil constraints and rates of molecular chane to deduce time in history to when two species meet at. The discovery of the molecular clock was credited to Emile Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling, who noticed that the number of amino acid differences in hemoglobin between different times, as estimated from fossils. -
Motoo Kimura's neutral theory of molecular evolution
Motoo Kimura discovered the neutral theory. He first explained his theory on 1968 as the unexpected high rate of evolutionary change and very large amount of intraspecific variability at the molecular level. This theory contradicts Darwin, stating that the great majority of evolutionary changes at the molecular level are not supported by Darwin's theory. -
Evolution by Gene Duplication by Susumu Ohno
Susumu Ohno's ovel discusses that gene duplication is the single most important factor in evolution. He states in his novel that without genes duplicating, the creation vertebrates, and mamals from unicellular organisms could not be done. gene duplication is defined as any dupilcation of DNA that contains a gene. Gene duplications can ccome from many erors in DNA replication and therefore cause evolution to occur over time and generations. -
Sociobiology by E.O. Wilson
Wilson was a gruaduate from University of alabana and received a b.s. in biology. After he received a doctorate from Harvard University. Sociobiology deals with a treatment of the biological aspect of social behavior. He postulated that the vital biological principles that animal socities are based on also apply to humans. However, many researchers disagreed and overlooked it as an attempt to explain destructive behaviors.
