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African American
The American Colonization Society helps free African Americans return to a Liberian colony on the continent's west coast. -
immigration.
Immigration-related reporting is established by Congress. -
immigration.
The Compromise of 1820 recognizes Missouri as a slave state, accepts Maine as a free state, and forbids slavery in areas to the north of Missouri. -
Native American
Native Americans are compelled to settle in Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River after Congress adopts the Removal Act. -
Native American
Cherokee Indians were made to march a thousand miles to the newly created Indian Territory. Around 4,000 Cherokees perish along this "Trail of Tears." -
Irish
When the Irish potato crop fails, the Potato Famine breaks out, killing one million people and forcing nearly 500,000 to immigrate to America over the course of the following five years. -
Mexican
The Mexican-American War is over, and the United States now has more people and area under its control. -
Chinese
The first wave of major Chinese immigration is sparked by the California Gold Rush. -
African American
The Fugitive Slave Act, which was part of the Compromise of 1850, forbids fugitive slaves from having a jury trial and was created to help find runaway slaves.
African American in 1857 -
African American
In its Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court declared that black people were not citizens of the United States and invalidated the Missouri Compromise's 1820 restriction on slavery in the territories. -
Polish & Russian
By 1914, there were almost two million Poles living outside of Poland due to social and economic difficulties. -
African American
President Abraham Lincoln takes the oath of office. In addition to electing Jefferson Davis as the first Confederate president, the Southern Confederacy ratifies a new constitution. Confederate soldiers fire against Fort Sumter to start the Civil War. -
African American
Black males are allowed to join the Union Army as workers, chefs, teamsters, and maids. -
Native American
The "Long Walk," a three-hundred mile forced march from a Southwest Indian area to Fort Sumner, New Mexico, is endured by thousands of Navajo Indians. -
Native American
Native American men cannot vote because of the 14th Amendment's "excluding Indians not taxed" provision. -
Japanese
Arriving in Hawaii to work in the sugar cane plantations are Japanese laborers. -
African American
African Americans are granted citizenship by the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. -
African American
Male African Americans have the right to vote thanks to the 15th Amendment of the Constitution. -
Chinese
A Senate committee from California is looking into the "social, moral, and political effect of Chinese immigration." -
Chinese
Congress of the United States is looking into the criminal influence of Chinese immigration. -
Italian
Nearly four million Italian immigrants arrive in the United States as a result of Italy's struggling economy, crop disasters, and political atmosphere. -
Polish & Russian
Russia experiences widespread public upheaval and economic instability after Czar Alexander II's assassination in 1881. -
Polish & Russian
The May Laws of Russia substantially impede Jewish citizens' ability to reside and earn a living there. Over a period of thirty years, the instability of the nation drives more than three million Russians to come to the United States. -
Chinese
Chinese laborers' entry is prohibited under the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, and violators risk jail and deportation. -
congress
The entrance of contract workers is prohibited by Congress. -
Native American
Numerous Indian reservations in the United States are dissolved by the Dawes Act. -
Native American
White settlers in Oklahoma are given access to uninhabited land. -
African American
The Supreme Court rules in Plessy v. Ferguson that "separate but equal" accommodations for African Americans and whites are Constitutional. This decision allows for legalized segregation. -
Cuban & Puerto Rican
Attacks on Cuba and a naval blockade of the country mark the start of the Spanish-American War. Cuba gains its independence at the end of the four-month struggle, and Puerto Rico and Guam are now under American control.