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German educator, Alexander
Kapp, first used the term andragogy for "adult learning' to describe theory of education. Alexander Kapp - First Known User -
John Dewey developed the project-based learning theory which involves the learner learning by doing. Adult Learning Theories -
Eduard Lindeman and Eugen Rosenstock-
Hussey used the term andragogy, arguing that "adult education requires special teachers, methods, and philosophy" Principles of Andragogy: Theory, Examples, and Implementation -
In the 1930s, Lev Vygotsky developed the zone of proximal development which is "the gap between what a student can do independently and what they can potentially do with the help of a more knowledgeable other." What Is the Zone of Proximal Development? -
Jean Piaget introduces the Theory of Cognitive Development, finding that the brains of children work very differently that adults and that children go though four stages of intellectual development. Piaget Stages of Development -
Benjamin Bloom created Bloom's Taxonomy, categorizing educational goals and objectives into six varying levels. Bloom's Taxonomy -
Malcolm Knowles developed andragogy which is all about the art and science of teaching adults. Adult Learning Theories -
Malcolm Knowles published the book 'Self-Directed Learning: A Guide for Learners and Teachers', proposing six principals to guide educators in adragogical teaching methods. Principles of Andragogy: Theory, Examples, and Implementation -
Jack Mezirow, an American sociologist, developed the theory of transformative learning which focuses on the idea that learners can shift their thinking when introduced new information. What is the Transformative Learning Theory -
D.R. Garrison developed the self-directed learning theory, building off of Malcolm Knowles' theory of andragogy. It is an educational approach that allows learnings to be in charge of their own learning. Adult Learning Theories