Events Leading Up to the Civil War

  • Missouri Compromise

    Missouri Compromise
    The legislation allowed Missouri and Maine to be slave states simultaneously, maintaining the balance between slave and free states, and outlawed slavery in the Louisiana Territory.
  • Nat Turner Rebellion

    Nat Turner Rebellion
    Turner and his followers killed his master's family and marched throughout Southampton County, Virginia, killing 55 people before white authorities crushed the revolt, avoiding capture for nearly two months.
  • Mexican-American War

    The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) was a conflict between the United States and Mexico, arising from the annexation of Texas and the dispute over its endpoint.
  • The Wilmot Proviso

    The Wilmot Proviso
    The Wilmot Proviso, an 1846 Congress proposal to ban slavery in Mexican-American War territory, was a significant conflict leading to the American Civil War.
  • The California Gold Rush

    The California gold rush (1848-1855) began with gold discovery by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, attracting 300,000 people from the US and abroad.
  • Harriet Tubman and Underground Railroad

    Harriet Tubman, a renowned Underground Railroad conductor, escorted over 300 slaves to freedom in 19 trips over ten years, ensuring no passenger loss.
  • Compromise of 1850

    The acts aimed to grant California a "free state," establish a territorial government for Utah and New Mexico, establish a border between Texas and the US, abolish the slave trade.
  • Fugitive Slave Act

    The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, part of the Compromise of 1850, mandated the federal government to find, return, and try escaped slaves, even in free states.
  • Uncle Tom's Cabin published

    Uncle Tom's Cabin tells the story of a saintly, dignified, noble, and steadfast enslaved man who saves the life of Little Eva, who is later purchased by his grateful father.
  • Kansas-Nebraska Act

    The Kansas-Nebraska Act, passed in 1854, abolished the Missouri Compromise, established new territories, and granted popular sovereignty, leading to the violent "Bleeding Kansas" uprising.
  • Bleeding Kansas

    Kansas was occupied by pro-slavery, Free-Staters, and abolitionist groups, leading to violence until 1861 when Kansas became a free state, a period known as Bleeding Kansas.
  • Dred Scott V. Sanford

    The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that enslaved individuals were not US citizens and therefore, could not expect federal government or court protection.
  • Lincoln-Douglass Debates

    Lincoln-Douglas debates, lasting three hours, pitted Lincoln against Douglas, highlighting radical radicalism and slavery's immorality. Douglas secured Senate seat, but alienated Democrats, losing influential party leadership position.
  • John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry

    On October 16, 1859, John Brown and his supporters attacked Harpers Ferry, capturing prominent citizens and seizing the federal armory and arsenal.
  • Presidential Election of 1860

    The Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin, won a national popular plurality, a popular majority in the North where slavery had been abolished, and a national electoral majority.
  • South Carolina Secedes from the Union

    South Carolina voted to remove itself from the United States of America after Abraham Lincoln's election as president, citing a perceived threat to slavery.