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The Second Great Awakening
Description: A wave of religious revival that emphasized emotional worship and personal salvation, sparking social reform movements.
Significance: It inspired abolitionism and other reform movements that challenged societal norms, setting the stage for tensions between the North and South. -
The Temperance Movement
Description: A social campaign to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption, led by evangelical Protestants. It aimed to fix issues like domestic abuse and poverty caused by alcohol.
Significance: Temperance highlighted the push for social reform in the North, often led by women, and created further divisions with the South. -
The Abolitionist Movement
Description: A campaign to end slavery, led by figures like Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison, who used speeches and writings to demand emancipation.
Significance: The movement increased North-South tensions and inspired other reform efforts, like women’s rights. -
Seneca Falls Convention
Description: The first women’s rights convention, organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, where the Declaration of Sentiments demanded equality.
Significance: Linked women’s rights to abolition, highlighting shared goals of justice and equality. -
John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry
Description: John Brown led an armed raid on a federal arsenal to start a slave uprising.
Significance: The raid deepened the divide between North and South, with Brown becoming a martyr for abolition.