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1497
1497: John Cabot Claims Newfoundland for Britain
John Cabot set sail to the Americas for the second time on a ship called The Matthew. He landed at what is called Newfoundland and claimed it for Britain. This affected the Indigenous peoples, the British, and the French. It affect the Indigenous peoples because they lost the land and homes that were there, the British because they got more land and power, the French because British got more power over them. -
1535
1535: Jacques Cartier claims the St. Lawrence region for France
The expedition of 1535 was more important than Jacques first one. 3 ships set sail to the Americas. The entered the gulf and travelled the Canada River. (St. Lawrence River) They settled at the mouth of St. Charles River claiming it for France. This affected this Indigenous peoples, the French, and the British. It affected the Indigenous peoples because they lost land and power. The french gained power and land and the British lost some power to the French, -
1608: Samuel De Champlain Founded New France
Samuel de Champlain explored the Atlantic coastline and Great Lakes region. They settled in Quebec which led to the founding of New France. This left a legacy on us today because the French took over and claimed Quebec so people in Quebec speak french. This affected Indigenous people, British, and the French. The Indigenous lost language, power, people. and land. French gained power. British lost some power compared to the French. -
1670: Britain grants a charter to the Hudson's Bay Company
During the fur trade explorers proposed a trading company to reach the interior of the Hudson's Bay. After failing to get the French's support they went to England and told Prince Rupert. Prince Rupert was interest and got the King to agree. The King granted permission to them to start the Hudson's Bay Company but with set policies. This affected the Indigenous people, and the British. The Indigenous peoples because they could trade furs for metal goods. British gained wealth and power. -
1756-1763: Seven Years War
The Seven Years War was the first global war fought in India, Europe, America, and at sea. The war was driven by the commercial and imperial rivalry between Britain and France. The main aim for Britain was to destroy French as a commercial rival. Therefore they attacked the French Navy and colonies over sea. This affected the British and the French. The British because they are trying to gain power and destroy France and it affected France because they are losing commercial power. -
1763: The Royal Proclamation
The Royal Proclamation was issued by King George III to establish a government in North America territories formally ceded by France to Britain in the Treaty of Paris following the Seven Years War. The proclamation became a key legal instrument for the establishment of colonial governments. It affected the Indigenous peoples because they were only allowed on lands that were reserved for them that the British did not own. It affected the British because they gained power over France. -
1790-1845: British Immigration to Canada
Many thousand British settlers migrate to Quebec known as United Empire loyalists. Many of them migrated north not by choice but by default either because they feared punishment for public support of British or they did not want to be apart of the new American Republic. This filled the French speaking colony with many english speaking people. These loyalists started the migration for the rest of the people back in Britain. Which left a legacy on us today of the language we speak. -
1867: Confederation in Canada
Confederation was a serious question in the province of Canada by 1864. A series of events helped lead to the Confederation of Canada. In spring of 1864 legislatures had a warm interest in having a conference on the topic. The Canadians sailed to the Charlotte Conference on August 29, 1864 with the Canadian steamer Queen aboard. After the framework for Canada was worked out they went through with it. -
1869-1870: Red River Rebellion
It was sparked by the transfer of Rupert's land to the new nation of Canada. A colony of farmers, many were Metis, occupied a corner of Rupert's land and feared their culture and land rights under Canadian control. Louis Riel emerged as the spokesperson for the Metis. He gathered support from anglophone and francophone Metis peoples. He tried to preserve the culture and land for the Metis. This affected the French Metis because they are losing culture and land. -
1871-1921: Signing of the numbered treaties
Were a series of 11 treaties made betweens Canadian government and the Indigenous peoples. They offered land for white settlement in exchange for rights to treaty land and rights to new technology they needed. This affected the Indigenous because they lose land but gained technologies. -
1876: The Indian Act
It is the principle statue of which who is a status Indian. Also stated rights for Indians. -
1883: Native residential schools open in Canada
Conceived by Christian Churches and the Canadian government as an attempt to educate and and convert Indigenous kids to Canadian culture. This led to assimilation of Indigenous peoples. -
1885: Northwest Rebellion
Violent, five month battle fought by Metis militants against Canadian government. Louis Riel returned and made a petition for Metis and non Metis to sign. This was fought because of Metis losing rights and culture. This affect the Metis and Indigenous because they are losing rights, land, and culture. -
1988: Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
It was created to investigate and propose solutions to the challenges affecting the relationship between aboriginal people and the Canadian government and Canadian society.
Helped Aboriginal people because it created better communication and opportunities with Canadians and it gave them many opportunities. -
1996: Last First Nation Residential school closes
Government closed he Residential schools were natives were abused. Many of them were destroyed but some still stand. -
2007: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission established
Was created to compensate survivors for what they went through and work toward more equitable future. This led to apologies by many people to help move forward from the past
