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"Rebirth" used by Georgio Vassari
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In Eastern Europe
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Introduced from second century A.D., was a synthesis of geographical knoledge of classical world
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Charles VII declared rpyal control over church and Papcy, thus limiting the power of the Pope
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Exploring and conquering new lands
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Pico Della Mirandola stressed than man possesed great dignity
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Maintained control over Spain w/ union of two royal houses (Argon and Castill)
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Storms made him turn back (Portuguese)
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By Isabel and Ferdinand
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Bcked by Spanish monarchy, but ends up finding land
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gave Spain everything to the West of imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic, and Portugal everything to the East
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Commanded flett of four ships in search for a sea route to the Indian Ocean trade (Portuguese)
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Commisioned by Pope Julius II, through 1512
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about political power and how to gain, maintain and increase it
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Treaty that re-established assertion of supiriority and gave the pope more power than before.
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A revolutionary view on society
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By Martin Luther on the power of indulgences
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1452-1519, pained The Last Supper that was an incredibly subtle physiological interpretation
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Enters Tenochitlan, is destroyed within two years
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Held by Charles V to confront Luther
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Driven by complaints of the nobility
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Trained young men to become gentlemen
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declared king the supreme leader before the church
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Conqured and destroyed the Incan empire
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absolute sovereignty of god
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Doctiral confession to inform children of reformed theology
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Judicial system of the Roman Catholic Church
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in "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres", published the year of his death
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Through 1563, called by pope to reform church and secure reconciliation with protestants
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Lutheranism is recognized as faith
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Act of supremacy and Act of Uniformity.
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Agreement marking end of 65-year struggle between France and Spain over Italy
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English playwrite
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Through 1578, strife within the people
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Huguenot wedding guests in Paris were killed by Catholic attack
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Spanish Empire during Exploration Boom
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Killed for plotting against Elizabeth
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British forces destroy Spanish Navy
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in the English Channel, composed of 130 vessels, was defested beofre reaching ther Netherlands
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He also creates the Law of Inertia and several other infulencial scientific theories over the course of his lifetime
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Granted public worship to all Calvinists
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Time of Troubles begins through 1613, time when Russia had no ruler, resulting from Ivan the Terrible's son Theodore dying without a heir.
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Intention of capturing Spice trade from the Portuguese in Indonesia
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Plot to blow up part of the English Parliment
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Common across Europe
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-orbits are eliptical rather than circular
-planets dont move at uniform speed
-time a planet takes to make complete orbit is based on distance from the sun -
English translation of the Christian Bible
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Written by Spanish writer, Miguel de Cervantes he produced one of the greatest peices of literature. "idealist but impractical"
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Fought for several reasons: Religious, dynastic, territorial, commercial rivalries
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In Bohemia
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Because of openly lampooning tradiitonal views of Aristotle and Ptolemy, and defnding Copernicus
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By Cardinal Richelieu, french classicism brought on a group of scholars interested in grammar in rhetoric who wrote the French dictionary and standarnized the Franch Language
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Vermeer, Van Steen, Rembrandt
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In Prussia
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Ended the 30 years War
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Required goods to be imported from only british ships which encouraged mercantilist meathods of government
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Russian Orthadox Church reformed
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Marks the end of Spanish imperial dominance
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Applies Mercantillism ideals to France
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Brutalism instated throughout Europe
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Anyone who didnt follow the Eucharist couldnt run for office, vote, preach, teach ect.
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Through 1750
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Louis XIV established the court as the senter of the kingdom, a perfect representation of the king's power.
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Causes strife between several counrties in the following years
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Louis XIV drove an exodus of Protestants
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Law of universal gravitation was his synthesis
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Despotic rule of the Stwearts and Parliamentary rule begins
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Tabula rasa, every man born with a blank slate and influenced by expirience
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Through about 1789 as citizens began to find a higher value in reading and scientific theory
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Fought between European powers over who had the right to succeed Charles II as King of Spain
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Second largest city in Russia
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Set limits on the extent to which any one power could expand, marked the end of French expansion
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Chalres VI of Austria stated Hapsburg possessions were never to be divided and always passed on to a single heir (could be a woman)
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Through 1740, in Prussia
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Through 1780, embodied intricate and extremelly flamboyent artistic qualities
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1300-1721 led to sharp drop in population
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Dispute between the English and the French over American territory and trade
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Theorized the best ways to establish a political community inthe face of the problems of the nation
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GB, France, Spain, Portugal all sign stating Britain's victory in Seven Years' War
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Edited by Denis Diederot, showed that human beings could use the process of reasoning to expand human knowledge.
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Improved efficiency in cotton textile factories
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Improved steam engine model, and was most influencial invention of the Industrial Revolution
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Fought against GB for independence
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Adam Smith-Free Competition and trade insted of mercantilism
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Criticized Mercantilism and suggested a free trade system
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Burst of major inventions and technological changes
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Declared a republic by new, popularly elected National Convention
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Edward Jenner finds vaccination and cure for smallpox
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Outlawed Unions and Strikes
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Napolean routs a combines army of russia and Austria and defeats
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Quadruple Alliance(Russia, Prussia, Austria, GB) settle peace after napoleanic wars
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Regulated grain trade and prohibited importation of foreign grain
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Napolean is defeted and exiled to St. Helena
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While in exile in St. Helena
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Track from LIverpool to Manchester at 16 mph, worlds first important railroad.
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Limited factory workday for children
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Allowed goods to be moved the German states without tariffs
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Growth of maunfacturing industry was important because it increased people's well-being
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Prohibited women from working underground as well as boys under 10 years old
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London, held the famous Industrial Fair
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Insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries, it was then finally crushed.
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Suez Canal completed connecting Meditaranian Sea and Red Sea
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Bismarcks attack on the Catholic Church
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Led by samuri and seized control of Japanese government to return the kingdom to their emperor
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Reforms are meant to affect the Catholic Church
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Indians demonstrated for equality against British
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7 weeks, there was Prussian victory which meant exclusion of Austria from Germany
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Imperial attempt at renovationg Chinese State and social system
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Written by Rudyard Kipling, suggesting that white men believed they owed it to all the other races to 'help' them in life
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Influenced Lenin and others. Rush to aquire colonies was due to economic needs of unregulated capitalism
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Deprived Ottoman Empire of all its territory
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Heir to Austria throne assasianted in Serbia->Austria declared war after on July 28th
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Killing 1000, and 139 Amercans
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Peasant who held high position becasue he claimed to have healing powers murdered by Alexandria
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Removed Russia from the War and prompted change thoughout the country into the USSR
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Declared Palestine as a national home for Jewish people
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Grmany damanded Soviets to give up all western territory
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Ended World War One
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United States looses interest in European politics
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Utilized facism in his ruling techniques
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France's bitter hatred towards Germany is demonstrated in this occupation where France starves germany economically
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German reparations are put on a sliding scale, US loans money to promote German recovery
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Promotes European security and stability
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world-wide economic depression
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Invaded because Japan needed an Island close enough to Hawaii in order to bomb Hawaii
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Deprived Jews of all rights of citizenship
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Wanted to rebuild the military
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Germany, scared of Britain's obviously stronger Navy, chooses peace instead of oblivion
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Stalin kills or imprisons most of his government officials in order to ensure power.
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Hitler belives the Austrians are raciallly German
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Germanyunsuccessfully utlizes Blitzcraeig, lightning war
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War declared because of Hitlers aggression
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Nazi Germany's strong anti-semitism calls for the eradication of Jews.
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Suprise attack on the US biggest naval base, prompts US to enter WWII
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Allied forces assault by sea the German line on the coast of France as part of a new offensive.
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Marshall gives money to Europe in order to help with recovery
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NATO, consisted of US and most democratic nations
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GB and France gained 125 miles against the Germans
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Due to the largest civilian casualties at the hand of 2 bombs in history, Japan surrends and WWII ends