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620 BCE
Thales of Miletus
"The past is certain, the future obscure". Thales of Miletus primarily remembered that water was the essence of all matter. His hypotheses were new and bold as he paved the way towards scientific endeavor -
551 BCE
Confucius
His principle was based on ren-- or loving others as he believed that this could be achieved through the golden rule: "What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others". -
469 BCE
Socrates
Socrates always believed that if one knows good, then they ought will always do the good thing. Hence, one will act of courage and is self-controlled and poise with a just manner. -
428 BCE
Plato
Plato had always viewed moral values as absolute and eternal, hence it would never change. It is considered universal and is applied to all rational creatures all through out history, time and the world in general. -
411 BCE
Protagoras
"Of all things the measure is Man, of the things that are, that they are, and of the things that they are not." In other words, everything is related to individual experience, judgement and interpretation. -
384 BCE
Aristotle
He states that if one desires to be ethical in his or her life. Then ethics must be taught of the wee ages or the person's early life. He believed that virtues lay in between the vices of defect and excess. -
270 BCE
Epicurus
His view involves a view of human life, an empiricist theory of knowledge and a description of nature based on atomic materialism. -
323
Diogenes
Diogenes stated that all artificial growths of society were incompatible with happiness and morality. -
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes states that humans are driven by "appetite", pleasure and "aversion". His doctrine that human behavior is directed by self-interest now known as psychological hedonism -
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant states that what is important are the motives as to why one acts in the way that they can. Hence, the action can have beneficial results and/or can still be unethical if done with wrong intentions and could have a consequence in return. -
Georg Wilheim Friedrich Hegel
Hegel states, "Too fair to worship, too divine to love". He sees human societies evolving in the same way that an argument evolves. He believed that we do not perceive the world or anything in it directly and that our minds have different perceptions of it and as well as ideas. -
John Rawls
Rawls stated "justice as fairness"; human justice must be in the center with firm foundations with the first and second principle as follows; "each person has to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty to others" and of the different principle and the fair equality of opportunity. -
Jean-Francois Lyotard
Lyotard argued that events occur always in the face of what is not presentable to phenomenology, discourse, language game and/or phrase regimen.
