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First Birthday Celebration: Trust versus Mistrust (Infancy)
Sun In (1) celebrates her first birthday celebration because it has been one year since she was born. In Erikson's first stage, the primary crisis is between trust and mistrust. Infants learn to trust their caregivers and the world around them based on how their needs are met. A positive outcome leads to a sense of security and trust in others, while a negative outcome may result in mistrust and insecurity. -
First Day of Preschool: Initiative versus Guilt (Preschool)
Sun In is now three years old and is starting her first day of preschool at a new school. In Erikson's third stage, children face the crisis of initiative vs. guilt. They begin to explore their environment, develop a sense of purpose, and take initiative in their activities. If encouraged and supported, they develop a sense of competence and initiative. However, if their efforts are met with criticism or restrictions, they may experience feelings of guilt and inadequacy. -
Graduation from High School: Identity versus Role confusion (Adolescence)
Sun In (18) graduates high school and is ready to apply to colleges to go further in her education as transitions to young adulthood. Erikson's fifth stage navigates the crisis of identity vs. role confusion during their teenage years. They explore different roles, values, and beliefs as they seek to establish a sense of identity. Successful resolution leads to a clear sense of self and direction, while failure to do so may result in confusion and uncertainty about one's place in the world.