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Initiative versus Guilt (early childhood)
A young Rachael begins to make grand plans to visit her friends from school. Her parents encourage her social pursuits, therefore, she develops initiative. This stage occurs during early childhood. During this stage, the child begins plan activities on their own. During this stage, if the child is encouraged, then they will develop initiative. If the child is discouraged, then they will develop guilt. -
Industry versus Inferiority (middle to late childhood)
A young Rachael struggles with middle school learning demands. She falls behind and develops a sense of inferiority.
During this stage, the child begins to accumulate knowledge about their culture and the skills that are required for living in their society. The resolution of this stage will affect the child’s self-esteem, in that, if they succeed with their quest for knowledge, then they will feel empowered for learning, if not, they develop a sense of inferiority. -
Identity versus Identity Confusion (adolescents)
An adolescent Rachael struggles to find her identity. She is somewhat successful and develops her identity.
This stage occurs during adolescence. During this stage, the adolescent must figure out their own identity. This includes who they are and their place in their culture/society. The resolution of this stage will affect development by undermining the adolescent’s self-perception of their identify and cause identify confusion.
