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Germ Theory
In 1860, Louis Pasteur developed the anthrax vaccine. Pasteur developed it by using weak anthrax bacilli that protects livestock. The vaccine He started a study with different types of animals. Half of the animals were controlled that didn’t receive the vaccination. By this experiment, Pasteur realized that the animals that didn’t receive the vaccination died at the end of the day or had a fever.
(Louis Pasteur, 2017) -
Typhoid Mary
Mary Mallon was the reason why there was an outbreak in New York. She spread typhoid fever while working as a cook in New York City. Mary was the first person to carry the disease and showed no symptoms. Dr. George Soper discovered and gained evidence by taking samples of Mary’s urine and feces. He identified that Mary was the main source of what was causing the virus by investigating where she worked and the 25 people that were affected.
(Strochlic, 2020) -
Spanish Flu
The Spanish Flu was the most extreme pandemic in 1918-1919. It was first seen in the United States by military personnel. The pandemic started to spread throughout the world and one-third of the population were infected. The virus was most seen in younger adults and the people that are 65 years and older. According to the CDC, “The 1918 H1N1 flu virus caused the deadliest pandemic of the 20th century” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). -
Yellow Fever
In 1930, a South African physician Max Theiler created a vaccination for the Yellow Fever. His research consisted of passing the virus between mice and watching them closely. He discovered two vaccines from the mice because the virus started to weaken. By 1937, the vaccine was improved and used everywhere.
(Shampo & Kyle, 2003) -
Anthrax Vaccine
During 1950, doctors started to notice that the disease was linked with the animal hair industry. There was a creation of the anthrax vaccine for humans. It started by experimenting with a group of goat hair mill workers. The controlled group received the vaccination and the other group received placebo. The time period for the vaccination took over two years. The United States made it available for workers that worked with goat hair.
(Centers For Disease Control And Prevention, 2020) -
Polio Epidemic Vaccine
In Massachusetts, there was a rising case of polio in 1955. More than 650 children were admitted to Boston’s Children Hospital from the virus. John Enders and his colleagues started to study the virus and created a polio vaccine. In 1949, the scientists used human tissue samples to study the polio virus. It took them six years to have the vaccine be available to the public.
(Barker, 2020) -
Hong Kong Flu Pandemic
The 1968 flu pandemic (Hong Kong Flu pandemic) originally started in China and started to spread globally. One million people have been affected by this virus which resulted in death. The virus is a strain of influenza that is extremely contagious. This virus is still here today but it is considered a seasonal influenza. The symptoms last for four to six days. The vaccine became open to the public after the pandemic started to spread in many countries.
(Rogers, 2020) -
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccine
In 1971, Maurice Hillemanath created the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. He had to be quarantined from his family while working with the viruses. The CDC started to recommend that all children should receive the MMR vaccine to prevent the virus. Before the vaccine was created, 6,000 people had died from the measles, which is the deadliest virus.
(Ross, 2017) -
HIV/AIDS Pandemic
According to Avert, it was believed that HIV started from crossed species from chimpanzees to humans. In 1981, there were cases involving five men that are gay that tested positive with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The cases started to rise by the end of the year with 270 gay men. Scientists have discovered an antiretroviral drug for patients that tested positive for HIV. This drug can help slow the virus and the patient can live longer.
(Avert, 2019) -
Ebola
In 2014, Sierra Leone was first to show reports of people getting the Ebola virus. The World Health Organization noted that Sierra Leone had 14,124 cases. Ebola started by spreading bodily fluids from infected animals and humans. It started to spread fast because of humans not being clean. There is a vaccine for the virus, but it is not licensed globally. People that are affected with the virus can receive the vaccine to help treat it.
(Reid, 2020) -
Zika
The Zika virus was discovered in 1947, but people started to see an outbreak in 2015. It is spread by infected mosquitoes that can affect pregnant women’s fetuses. Women are more than likely to be at risk for this virus. If their baby is affected, they will have microcephaly and neurologic abnormalities.
(Butanis, 2019) -
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
COVID-19 started in Wuhan, China early January. This virus has spread quickly to different countries, throughout the month. COVID-19 targets the respiratory system and greatly affects people that are 65 years and older. The outbreak started to rise drastically where the CDC recommended people to wear face coverings and maintain 6 feet apart in public. Some countries are closing their borders to prevent the virus from spreading even more.
(Cennimo, 2021)