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Hobbes Publishes Leviathan
"Thomas Hobbes expressed his views in a work called Leviathan." (551) In this book, he explained how the people should give up their rights to a strong leader to maintain order. -
Locke Publishes His Work
"According to Locke, all people are born free and equal, with three natural rights--- life, liberty, an property." His idea of self-government was elaborated upon in Locke's book, Two Treatises on Government. -
Mary Astell Publishes Her Writings
"In later writings, she used Enlightenment arguments about government to criticize the unequal relationship between men and women in marriage." (555) Not only did Astell talk about women's education rights, she also took a stand against marriage equality. -
Voltaire Speaks and Flees
"In 1734, fearing another unpleasant jail term, Voltaire fled Paris." (553) After speaking out about the government and religion, he made enemies and fled rather than serve jail time. -
Montesquieu Publishes Famous Work
"In his book, Montesquieu proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of the government." (553) He suggested a system of checks and balances in which each branch of government would check the other two and this theory was illustrated in On the Spirit of Laws, his book. -
Rousseau's Philosophy
"In 1762, he explained his political philosophy in a book called The Social Contract." (554) Rousseau explained his idea that government should be led and guided by the people and that they should have a direct democracy. -
Beccaria Publishes Crime and Punishment
"He believed laws existed to preserve social order, not to avenge crimes." (554) This belief was elaborated upon in his book, On Crimes and Punishments. -
Downfall of the French Monarchy
"Rousseau's ideas inspired many of the leaders of the French Revolution who overthrew the monarchy in 1789." (554) These leaders believed in Rousseau's thoughts that all people are equal and the government should be run by the people that it governs. -
Mary Wollstonecraft Publishes Persuasive Essay
"In the essay, she disagreed with Rousseau that women's education should be secondary to men's." (555) Her essay, called A Vindication of the Rights of Women, argued for women's education rights. -
Francisco Goya Issues Engravings Called Los Caprichos
"In them, he criticized a range of 'human errors and evils' and also satirized Spanish politics and society." (557) Like the Enlightenment leaders, Goya, too, wanted a change in government.
