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Montesquieu publishes book, On the Spirit of Laws
In 1748, Montesquieu publishes a book called On the Spirits of Laws. In his book, he said that seperation of powers would keep everybody in check, not giving too little/much power to any individual party, or group, This would later be known as checks and balances. -
America declares independence
This was when the Second Continental Congress made the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson. It was firmly based on the ideas of popular philosophes such as John Locke. They made this because they were tired of King George III and wanted representation. -
French Revolution
The French Revolution included many bloody or chaotic events like the Storming of the Bastilee. Finally in 1879, the king and queen would return to Paris which signaled change of power and radical reforms to rule. -
Napoleon overthrows the Directory through a coup d’etat
Napoleon gets rid of the Directory by establishing 3 consuls, making him first consul. He quickly got all real power from the people with a plebiscite in 1800. -
Napoleon crowns himself emperor, begins to create a vast European Empire
Napoleon decides to make himself emperor. He takes the crown from the pope and crowns himself, signaling that he wasmore powerful than the Church. -
Haiti wins freedom from France
Napoleon responded to this uprising by sending in troops, but most of the troops sadly died from diseas. He eventually gave up on the expedition to Saint Domingue, now called Haiti. -
Padre Hidalgo calls for Mexican Independence
Hidalgowas a priest in Dolores who rang bells. One day he convinced his peasant followers to rebel aginst the Spanish, telling them that everyone else was winning their independence. This was called el grito de Dolores. Unfortunately, they were outnumbered and lost. -
Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo took place near the village of Belgium. In the beginning Napoleon and his troops stood their ground; however. later in the day, the British/ Prussians defeated him in the end from exhaustion and nature.
