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Montesquieu publishes book, On the Spirit of Laws
The Spriit of the Laws was written by Montesquieu but first published anonymously becase his work was under censorship. It took Montesquieu decades to research and write this book, in this book, he talks about the famous ideas, such as separation of powers, a constitutional systems of government and ending slavery. -
America declares independence
The Continental Congress which was formed by leaders of North American colonies signed the Declaration of Independence, and announced the colonies were now independent states from the British Empire. -
French Revolution
The French Revolution lasted from 1789 to 1799, it was a period that consisted of political and social uprising. This Revolution not only affected France but also other countries in the world as it marked the decline of monarchies and rise of democracy. -
Napoleon overthrows the Directory through a coup d’etat
This incident marked the beginning of the Napoleonic era, after the coup, Napoleon was elected as the First Consul of the French Consulate. In this point, he not only controlled the military but also the government of France. -
Napoleon crowns himself emperor, begins to create a vast European Empire
In the same year, Napoleon issued the Civil Code, which helped to regulate and stablize the society of France. Then he started to expand terrritories throughout Europe. First he conquered the Iberian and Italian pennisulars, then he made Austria, Prussia and Russia to recognize his empire. -
Haiti wins freedom from France
The Haitian Revolution happened in the French colony of Saint Domingue, it was considered as a slave rebellion against the colony government because of being treated harshly and wrongly by their owners. The rebellion began on April of 1791 by a group of African slaves and ended on Novemeber of 1803. On January 1, 1804, Haiti became an independent state. -
Padre Hidalgo calls for Mexican Independence
Padre Hidalgo was a Catholic priest in Mexico and also the leader of the Mexican War of Independence. He gave the famous speech, "The Cry of Dolores," urging people (Indians and Africans) to revolt against the the Napoleon government. -
Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo
A French Army under the command of Napoleon was defeated by the armies of the Seventh Coalition and led by Britain, Austria and Russia.This defeat ended the rule of Napoleon as the Emperor of France.
