-
200
Anasazi
Native Americans that thought to be the ancestors of the Pueblo Indians. Inhabited the four corners. -
300
Mayas
The maya civilization started within the Mesmoamerica cultural civilization. It is now centered in what is now Guatemala. -
500
Adobe
A building materical made from earth and organic material. Many Indians used this to build their homes and it kept them cool. -
Dec 8, 718
Reconquista
A name given to a series of wars and battles between the Christian Kingdoms and the Musilum Moors. -
Period: Dec 14, 1050 to Dec 14, 1150
Hohokam
Ancient Native Americans who were centered around America Southwest and Northern Mexico. Considerd to be the builders of the canal system. -
Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
A document constituing a fundamental guarantee or rights. -
Dec 14, 1394
Prince Henry the Navigator
An important person in Portuguese politics. Went on many explorations down Africa's coast. Started the age of discovery. -
Dec 14, 1398
Moctezuma
He was the second Aztec emperor. His name is spelled many different ways. -
Period: Dec 14, 1400 to Dec 14, 1500
Renaissance
A period in Eurpoe to be considered the middle ages. It started as a cultural movement in Italy. Its basis was humanism. -
Oct 31, 1450
Chirstopher Columbus
Italian exploer and navigator. He completed four voyages across the Atlantic. -
Dec 8, 1450
Columbian Exchange
A period of cultural and biological exchanges between new and old worlds. -
Jan 3, 1451
Bartolomeu Dias
Know for being the first Eurapean to sail around the tip of America. -
Mar 9, 1454
Amerigo Vespucci
An Italian explorer who first showed that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts -
Dec 2, 1485
Hernando Cortes
The Spanish conquestidor who cause to the fall of the Aztec Empire.He claimed Mexico for Spain. -
Period: Dec 14, 1492 to
Pilgrims
Early settelrs of Plymouth colony. Also called pilgrim fathers. -
Jun 15, 1497
John Cabot
Italian explorer who discovered parts of North America under Prince Henry. -
Apr 22, 1500
Pedro Alvares Cabral
A Portuguese noble man, military commander and credited for discovering Brazil. -
Apr 7, 1519
Ferdinand Magellan
A Portguese explorer who organized the Spanish expiditon to the East Indies. -
Dec 24, 1524
Vasco de Gama
A Portuguese explorer who was the first to reach India by sea. Linking Europe and Asia for the first time by ocean route -
Dec 14, 1566
Presidio
A fortified base established by the Spanish under their control or influence. -
John Winthrop
A wealthy English Puritain lawyer. Also played a big part in founding Massachusetts. -
Anne Hutchinson
A Purtain spiritual advisor. Had an important role in Puritain society. Also was the mother of 15 -
Puritan
A group of English reformed Protestants who sought to purify the Church of england. -
Conquistador
A term used for Spainsh explorers and soliders. -
Joint Stock Company
A bussiness entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by stockholders. -
Separaists
A person who is a supporter of the seperation of a certain group of people from a larger body based on religion, race, etc.. -
Roger Williams
An English Puritain who was an early proponent of religious freedom and separation of chruch and state. -
John Smith
A British solider known for founding Jamestown. Which was the first real American colony. -
Period: to
Powhatan
Native American people in Virgina They were some on the first to settle in Jamestown. -
Quebec
Canada's largest provience. It is one of the oldest settlements in North America. Founded by Samuel de Champlain -
Samuel de Champlain
Known ad the "Father of new France." A French navigator and explorer. He founded New France and Quebec. -
House of Burgesses
The origin of the first meeting of Virgina General Assembly. The first legislative body in British America. -
Mayflower Compact
The first governing document of Plymouth Colony. Written by separaists who called themsleves 'Saints." They were fleeing from religious persecution. -
Lord Baltimore
The first governor of Maryland. He recived the title after the death of his father. -
Pequot War
An armed comflict with the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the English colonies -
Metacom
A Native American chief. His tribe waged the most devastating war against the English in early history. -
Quaker
Memebers of a group of religious Christan movements founded by George Fox. They were devoted to peaceful movements. -
Period: to
King Philip's War
An armed conflict between the Native Americans and the English Colonies. To be considerd one of the deadlists wars in Puritain Society. -
Bacon's Rebellion
An armed rebellion by Virgina settlers. Sir William Berkley refused to retaliate against the Native Americans so the settlers rebelled. -
English Bill of rights
An English statute of 1689 confirming, with minor changes, the Declaration of rights -
James Oglethorpe
A Britsh General and a memeber of Parliament. Also the founder of Georgia. Hoped to resettle Britians poor. -
Royal Colony
A type of colonial administration of the British overseas territories. Ruled by appointed by a monarch -
Propietary Colony
A type of colony mostly in North America. All the land belonged to the king and he got to divide it. -
Period: to
Enlightenment
A European movement emphasizing individualisum rather than tradition. -
William Penn
An early English Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania. One of the first American heros. -
Period: to
Great Awakening
A serious of religious revivals among Protestants in the American Colonies. -
John Jay
An American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers. He was also a signer of the Treaty of Paris. He was the first Chief of Justice in the U.S.. -
Alexander Hamilton
A Founding Father of the U.S.. One of the most influential promoters of the Constituion. He was part of the Federalist Party. -
irquois league
The five irquois nations charecterizing themselves as 'the people of the longhouse' known as the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca. Became known as the six nations. -
Henry Clay
An American lawyer and politician who represented Kentucky in both the U.S. and the House of Representatives. -
Articles of Confederation
The original constitution of the U.S.. It was replaced by the constitution in 1789. -
Shays Rebellion
An uprising led by Daniel Shay. Shays followers protested the foreclosures of farms for debt. -
Northwest Oridinace
A law passed in 1787 to regulate the settlement of the Northwest territory. -
Great Compromise
An agreement that a large and small states reached during the Constiutional Convention that defined the legislative structure. -
The Federalist
An collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. It was promoting ratification in the U.S. Constitution. -
Checks and Balances
A fundemental principle of American government where each branch of government has some influence over the other branches. -
Interchangeable Parts
Parts that are for practical purposes. They are made to look identical so they can fit into an assembly of the same type. -
Judicial Review
A procedure in which a court can review an administrative action by a public body secure a declaration or order. -
2nd Great Awakening
A religious revival movement during the 19th century but the movement began in the 1700's. It rose rapidly with the Baptist and Methodist. -
Cotton Gin
This was a machine invented by Eli Whitney. It made it so that it separated the fibers of the cotton from the seeds so it could be done much faster than it would when men picked it and separated it. -
Whiskey Rebellion
A tax protest in the U.S. during the Presidency of George Washington. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
A series of laws passed, during the Presidency of John Adams. It was to restrict the public activites of political radicals who sympathized with the French Revolution. -
Impressment
Refers to an act in which men are captured and forced into Naval forces. This was used a lot by the British. -
Period: to
Abolition Movement
A movement in the U.S. to attempt to abolish slavery. -
Dorothea Dix
She was an American activist on behald of the indigent insane who, created the first mental asylums. -
War Hawk
A person who clamors for war. Especially an American favoring war with Britian. -
Madison vs. Marbury
A U.S. Supreme Court Case in which the court formed the basis for the exercise of the Judicial review in the U.S.. -
Louisiana Purchase
The aquisition of the Louisiana territoryby the U.S. from France. -
William Lloyd Garrison
He was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. -
Harriet Beecher Stowe
She was an American aboltionist and author. She was known greatly for writting Uncel Tom's Cabin. It talks about the harsh life of the slaves. -
Hartford Convention
A series of meetings in which the New England Federalist party met to discuss thier concerns of the ongoing War of 1812. -
Treaty of Ghent
This was a peace treaty signed to end the War of 1812 between the U.S. and United Kingdom. -
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
She was an American suffragist and a leading figure in the Women Rights' Movement. -
American System
The policy of promoting industry in the U.S. by adoption of a high protective tariff and of develpoing improvments by the Feeral Government. -
Nullification
A legal theory that the state has a right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law that the state has deemed unconstituional. -
Mormon Movement
The collection of independent church groups that trace their origins Christian primitivist movement. -
Missouri Compromise
A settlement between a dispute between slave and free states, contained in several laws passed in 1820. -
Lone Star Republic
At the time Spain granted independence to Mexico and noew Texas was its own nation for a little calling it the "Lone Star Republic." -
Monroe Doctrine
A principle of the U.S. policy, originated by President James Monroe, that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas can be a hostile act against the U.S.. -
Erie Canal
An canal in New York that originally ran about 363 miles from Albany to Lake Erie. It was bulit to make navigatible water routes. -
Tariff of Abominations
This was a protective tariff passed to protect northern industry in the U.S.. -
Andrew Jackson
Jackson was the 7th President of the U.S.. He was the General of the War of 1812. He also defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans. -
Jacksonian Democracy
This is the political movement during the Second Party System toward greater democracy for the common man. -
Indian Removal Act
This was passed by congress under the Presidency of Andrew Jackson. This law allowed the president to negotiate with the Southern Indian tribed for their removal to federal territory in the West. -
Nat Turner
An African American slave who led a slave rebellion of slaves and free black in Virgina -
California Gold Rush
A period in history when gold was found by James Marshall in Sutter's Mill in California. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
A peace treaty signed by both Mexico and the U.S.. This is also known as the "Friendship" treaty. -
Seneca Falls Convention
This was the first Womens' Rights convention to discuss the very few rights that women had. -
Compromise of 1850
A package of five separate bills passed by congress. This defused the confrotation between slave and free states reguarding the status of territories. -
Gadsden Purchase
A 30,00 square mile region that was purchased by the U.S. from Mexico. It is todays Arizona and southwestern Mexico. -
Kansas- Nebraska Act
This allowed territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves weather or not to allow slavery in their boarders. -
Sharecropping
A system in which the owner allows a tenant to use their aland in return to share their crops. -
Dred Scott
An African American who unsuccsessfully sued his way to freedom. -
Harper's Ferry
John Brown led a small group on a raid against a federal armory in Harper's Ferry. This was an attempt to led an armed slave revolt. -
Bull Run
First battle everyone was very inxperienced. Confederate victory, General Stonewall Jackson was the Confederate leader. The seond battle the Union was lead by John Pope and John Porter. Robert E. Lee led the Confederates. Another Confederate win. -
Battle of Atlanta
Leaders are William T. Shermn for Union and John Bell Hood for Confederates. John wanted to drive the Union away. Forced Atlanta civilions to leave their homes. The Union won this. Atlnta was greatly damaged. Sherman was 'spliting' the South. -
Anacodna Plan
A way to cut off resourses and not to kill. Created by Winfield Scott. A plan to blockade the Southern points and cut off resources instead of attacking -
Confederate States of American
Also known as the Confederacy, was a confederation of secessionist American States. -
Battle of Fort Sumter
This battle is known as the start of the Civil War. This was a bomboardment and surrender of Fort Sumter. -
Battle of Shiloh
Major turning point for the North. The North brought many soliders and pushed the South back. The Confederates had a surprise attack. Grant and Buell's army combined togther. -
Battle of Antietam
The Union found the Confederate army orders before the balles so they knew what they were going to do. Know as the bloodiest one day battle. The confederates lost much more then the Union. The Union won beause they knew what they were going to do. -
Fredericksburg
Fredricksburg was in between the two capitals of the Union and Confederate. It was a Confederate victory. Robert E. Lee for Confederate and Amberose for Union. The Union has more casualities. This helped Robert E. Lees reputation. -
The Battle of Chancellorsville
Robert E. Lee. The Union lost and lost many lives. Lee and Jackson had a plan to take 28,00 mean to attack the union. They made a sneak attack on the Union and night time. Confederates took the high gorund at Hazel Grove. -
The Battle of Vicksburg
Took place in Mississippi. The union had more soliders then Confederate. Ulysses S. Grant. African American soliders were on both the Union and the Confederates. Union wins the victory of two battles so the Confederates surrenderd. The total causalities were 37,000. Confederates lost 33,000. -
Gettysburg
One of the only battles fought in the North. 3,000 union deaths and around 5,000 conferate. One of the bloodiest battles. Picketts Charge was a battle strategy that was ordered by Confederate Robert E. Lee. It brought Lincoln to Penn. -
Habeas Corpus
A court order requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court. -
Petersburg
Confederates dug trenches around Petersnurg. General Ulysses S. Grant sent his troops to cut the Confederate supply lines. This caused the war to end in the East. This sparked the Wome's Revoultion. The final battle was the final battle to end the Civil War. This scattered the Confederate army giving th union the upper hand. -
Wilmot Proviso
A bold attempt by opponents of slavery to prevent its introdution into the territories. -
Sherman's March
A march from Atlanta to Georgia. It was to scare Georgias people. They did not kill anyone just desroyed their stuff if they fought back. Lots of the confederates fled. Sherman burned his was through South Carolina. -
Appomattox Court House
In Appomattox,Virgina. Robert E. Lee. Conferates tried to retreat after the siege of Petersburg hoping to meet up with more Confederate forces. Triggerd a serious of surrenders for the South, basically ending the war. -
Radical Republicans
A wing of the Republican Party organized around an uncompromising oppostion to slavery before and during the Civil War. -
Freedmen's Bureau
This was an act to try to help the freed slaves and the poor people in the south after the Civil War. The were given clothes and food to help them. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
The period of time after the Civil War when people were trying to rebuild the damaged South. -
Ku Klux Klan
A secert organization in the south that terriorzed mostly balcks. They belived that there should not be any blacks and they burned many og their houses and killed many. -
Civil Rights Act 1866
This was passed by congress over the veto of Andrew Jackson. This declared all people born in the U.S. were noe offical citizens. -
14th Amendment
This adressess citizenship rights and equal protection rights. -
15th Amendment
This gave every citizen the right to vote not based on a persons color. -
Enforcement Acts
Bills passed by Congress, they were criminal codes that protected African American's right to vote and to hold office. -
Black codes
These were laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War. These were used to try to restrict African American's freedom. -
Manifest Destiny
The belief that the expansion of the U.S. throughout the American contients was both justified and inevitable. -
Underground Railroad
A network of secert routes used by enslaved people in the U.S. in efforts to escape to free states and Canada. -
Migrate
People moved place to place to find better land and soil. That is migration. -
Missionary
A person sent mission, espeically to promote Christainity. -
Viceroy
A ruler exercising authority in a colony on behalf of a sovereign. -
Mestizo
A man of mixed race. Usally the offspring of a Spainard and an American Indian. -
Mission
An important assignment carried out for political, religious, and commerical purposes. -
Northwest Passage
A sea route connecting the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. -
Charter
Is the grant of authority or rights. -
Push factor
A factor that leaves no other choice but to leave one's current home, country, or reigion. -
Pull Factor
The lure of another home, country, or region. Not really forced but pursuasive. -
Indentured Servant
A person under contract to work or another person for a period of time usally without pay but not always. -
Middle passage
The sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to West Indies. -
Salutary Neglect
An unoffical term that refers to the policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient. -
Mercantillism
Belief in the benefits of profitable trading -
Cash Crops
A crop produced for its commerical value rather than its use by the grower. -
Bicameral legislature
A legislature with two houses or chambers. Like the House of Representatives and the Senate. -
Popular Sovereignty
The idea that the peoples rule is the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created by the consent of its people. -
Limited Government
A political system in which legalized force is restricted. -
Separation of Powers
An act of vesting the legislative, excutive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies. -
Cabinet
A body of advisors to the President, composed of the heads of the executive departments of its governments. -
Tariff
A tax or a duty to be paid on a particular class of imports and exports. -
Loose Construction
A broad interpertation of a statute or document by a court. -
Strict Construction
A literal interpertation of a satute or document given by a court. -
Utopian Community
This is a community that possess perfect to near perfect qualities. Many people got this from a book writen in 1512 that describes a 'Utopia.' -
Popular Sovereignty
The authority of a state and its governemnt is created and sustained by the consent of its people.
