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Mohandas Gandhi
Mohandas Gandhi was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. In India, he is also called Bapu and Gandhi ji, and unofficially known as the Father of the Nation. -
Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill was a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War. Churchill is considered as one of the best figures in the XX century. -
Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini was an Italian Dictator who was the leader of the National Fascist Party. He ruled between 1922 and 1943. Mussolini fought in the Axis Powers in the WWII. When Mussolini was killed, he was hanged out in Rome next to his wife. -
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was a German Dictator who was the leader of the Nazi Party, was the Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler started World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland with the USSR in September 1939. -
Charles de Gaulle
Charles de Gaulle was a French general and statesman who led the French Resistance against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 in order to reestablish democracy in France. In 1958, he came out of retirement when appointed Prime Minister of France by President René Coty. -
Nikita Krushev
Nikita Krushev was a Soviet statesman who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. -
El Desastre del 98
La guerra Hispano-Estadounidense, mayormente conocida como El Desastre del 98, fue un conflicto que le supuso al Imperio español la pérdida de la práctica totalidad de sus colonias en América y Oceanía. Se desarrolló en 1898. El misterioso hundimiento del acorazado estadounidense Maine le serviría de excusa a los americanos para declarar la guerra a España, y aprovechando la superioridad de su ejército, ganarían la Guerra. Alemania obtuvo beneficios también. -
Reinado Constitucional de Alfonso XIII
En 1902, Alfonso XIII fue declarado mayor de edad. La constitución de 1876 siguió vigente y se mantuvo el turnismo. A partir de 1909 hubo varias crisis: La semana trágica (1909), La crisis de 1917 (1917) y La radicalización del movimiento obrero (1919-1923). Hubo inestabilidad en todo el panorama nacional. -
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La Crisis de la Restauración
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to the presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975. -
JFK
JFK was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. He served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his presidency dealt with managing relations with the Soviet Union. As a member of the Democratic Party, Kennedy represented the state of Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate prior to becoming president. -
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997. -
Régimen totalitario
Los regímenes totalitarios son aquellos que se conocen por la restricción de la libertad y donde el Estado ejerce todo el poder sin divisiones ni restricciones. -
Marcha sobre Roma
La marcha sobre Roma fue una marcha con destino Roma organizada por Benito Mussolini, entonces dirigente del Partido Nacional Fascista, entre el 27 y el 29 de octubre de 1922, que lo llevó al poder italiano. -
La Dictadura del General Primo de Rivera
Entre 1923 y 1930, el General Primo de Rivera dio un golpe de estado tras la derrota de anual. Este golpe fue apoyado por el Rey, de modo que se implantó una dictadura militar. Primo de Rivera suspendió la constitución, disolvió las cortes y prohibió los partidos políticos y sindicatos. Acabó con la guerra de Marruecos con el exitoso desembarco de Alhucemas en 1925. Rivera dimite en 1930 tras las críticas de intelectuales al régimen. -
George Bush
George Bush is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993. A member of the Republican Party, he had previously been a Congressman, Ambassador and Director of Central Intelligence. He is the nation's oldest living president and vice president, as well as the longest-lived president in history. -
Mein Kampf
Libro de escasa calidad literaria que Adolf Hitler escribió durante su estancia en la cárcel tras el fallido Putsch De Munich que recoge toda la ideología nazi. Fue publicado en 1925. -
Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Thatcher was a British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman. A Soviet journalist dubbed her the "Iron Lady", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism. -
Fidel Castro
Fidel Castro was a Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008. Castro served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state, while industry and business were nationalized and state socialist reforms were implemented throughout society. -
Martin Luter King
Martin Luter King was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his death in 1968. King is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, tactics his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi helped inspire. -
Yasser Arafat
Yasser Arafat was a Palestinian political leader. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1969 to 2004 and President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) from 1994 to 2004.[3] Ideologically an Arab nationalist, he was a founding member of the Fatah political party, which he led from 1959 until 2004. -
El Bienio Reformista (1931-1933)
La constitución no dejó buen sabor de boca a toda la población, por lo que Manuel Azaña, el presidente del Gobierno decide hacer numerosas reformas, como la Agraria, la Militar, la Laboral, la educacional, o la regulación del matrimonio civil y el divorcio, así como la concesión de autonomía a Cataluña. Por estas razones, la oposición conservadora intentó dar un golpe de estado en 1932, que fue un fiasco. -
Boris Yeltsin
Boris Yeltsin was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999. During the late 1980s, Yeltsin had been a candidate member of the Politburo, and in late 1987 tendered a letter of resignation in protest. No one had resigned from the Politburo before. This act branded Yeltsin as a rebel and led to his rise in popularity as an anti-establishment figure. -
Mijail Gorbachov
Mijail Gorbachov is a Russian and former Soviet politician. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He was the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991 (titled as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and as President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991). -
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Segunda República Española
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El Gobierno Provisional y la Constitución de 1931
El 12 de abril de 1931 se celebraron comicios por todo el país que concedieron el triunfo republicano en la mayoría de las capitales provinciales.Con esyos resultados, Alfonso XIII se exilió y se instauró un gobierno provisional. También en 1931, se aprueba la constitución de 1931, donde se implanta un régimen democrático. -
El Bienio Conservador y el frente Popular (1933-1936)
En septiembre de 1933, Azaña dimite y se convocan elecciones (dato curioso: en estas elecciones, las mujeres pudieron votar por primera vez). La derecha se agrupa en la CEDA, y las elecciones fueron ganadas por el centro derecha. Alejandro Lerroux se hace cargo del gobierno. Se suspenden las reformas y novedades del Bieno Reformista, y dada la tensión entre izquierda y derecha, se da una revolución en 1934. -
La Guerra Civil Española
La Guerra Civil Española tuvo lugar entre los años 1926 y 1939. Debido al levantamiento de los generales Mola, Franco y Sanjurjo, España quedó dividida en dos bandos: sublevados ("Facciosos") y Republicanos ("Rojos"). En 1936, para aunar fuerzas, Franco crea FET y de las JONS (Falange española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de la Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista. Finalmente, debido a la ayuda externa y al superior potencial Fascista, Franco gana la guerra e implanta un régimen militar de décadas. -
El frente popular
La izquierda se agrupa en el Frente popular y la derecha en la Falange española. Hubo revueltas y asesinaron a Calvo Sotelo en 1936. -
La vida cotidiana durante la Guerra
El hambre y los bombardeos estaban a la orden del día. El racionamiento y el estraperlo ganaron popularidad. En BCN y MAD había bombardeos con nucha frecuencia. También, la vida cotidiana se vio resaltada por los paseos, que consistían en entrar de noche a una casa, sacarlos con el pretexto de dar un paseo, y asesinarlos. -
Sadam Hussein
Sadam Hussein was President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization the Iraqi Ba'ath Party—which espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and socialism—Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup (later referred to as the 17 July Revolution) that brought the party to power in Iraq. -
Pacto de No Agresión Ribentropp-Molotov
Pacto de no agresión entre el Tercer Reich y la URSS para repartirse Polonia sin ser atacatdos mutuamente. El nombre se debe a los apellidos de los ministros de exteriores de cada nación. -
Holocausto
Genocidio étnico, político y religioso que tuvo lugar en Europa durante el transcurso de la Segunda Guerra Mundial bajo el régimen de la Alemania nazi. -
Bombardeos Atómicos de Hiroshima y Nagasaki
Entre el 6 y el 9 de agosto, EEUU bombardeó las ciudades japonesas de Hiroshima y Nagasaki con bombas atómicas, Little Boy y Fat Man. Este suceso puso fin a la WWII, con la rendición de Japón. -
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Guerra Fría
La guerra fría (1945-1991) fue el sistema de relaciones internacionales desde el final de la WWII hasta la caída de la Unión Soviética. Se enfrentaron dos bloques: el capitalista (EEUU y órbita) y el Comunista (URSS y aliados). -
ONU
La Organización de las Naciones Unidas fue creada tras la segunda guerra mundial con el objeto de conseguir una paz duradera. La ONU fue fundada el 24 de octubre de 1945 San Francisco, donde 51 países firmaron la Carta de las Naciones Unidas. A día de hoy, la ONU posee 193 estados miembro. António Guterres (POR) es el actual secretario general. -
Procesos Judiciales de Núremberg
Los Procesos Judiciales de Núremberg, comúnmente denominados Juicios de Núremberg, fueron una serie de juicios contra los criminales de guerra del Eje tras la segunda guerra mundial. -
Telón de Acero
Término histórico que hace referencia a la division ideologica, politica y fisica de Europa durante la guerra fría. Este término lo popularizó Winston Churchill durante un discurso en EEUU en 1946. -
George W. Bush
George W. Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. -
Bill Clinton
Bill Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the presidency, he was the Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, and again from 1983 to 1992. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideologically a New Democrat and many of his policies reflected a centrist "Third Way" political philosophy. He's married to Hillary Clinton, who tried to be the 45th USA president on 2016. -
Doctrina Truman
Medida creada por EEUU para ayudar a los paises cuya soberania esta en litigio entre capitalistas y comunistas, apoyando a los capitalistas. Lo puso en marcha Harry S Truman, de ahí el nombre. -
Plan Marshall
Inyecciones de dinero a los países de la europa capitalista por valor de $13.000USD M para el desarrollo del continente. -
COMECON
Fue una organización de cooperación económica formada en torno a la URSS por diversos países socialistas cuyos objetivos eran el fomento de las relaciones comerciales entre los estados miembros. -
OTAN
Organización del tratado del Atlántico Norte. Es una alianza militar intergubernamental basada en el Tratado del Atlántico Norte. La organización constituye un sistema de defensa colectiva, en la cual los Estados miembros acuerdan defender a cualquiera de sus miembros si son atacados por una potencia externa. -
Mao Tse-Tung
Mao Tse-Tung was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. His theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively known as Maoism. -
Pacto de Warsaw
Fue un acuerdo de cooperación militar firmado en 1955 por los países del Bloque del Este. Diseñado bajo el liderazgo de la URSS, su objetivo expreso era contrarrestar la amenaza de la OTAN, y en especial el rearme de la RFA. El Pacto se disolvió el 1 de julio de 1991. -
Osama Bin Laden
Osama Bin Laden was a founder of al-Qaeda, the organization responsible for the September 11 attacks in the United States and many other mass-casualty attacks worldwide. He was a Saudi Arabian until 1994 (stateless thereafter), a member of the wealthy bin Laden family, and an ethnic Yemeni Kindite. -
Barack Obama
Barack Obama is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009 to January 20, 2017. The first African American to assume the presidency, he was previously the junior United States Senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008. Before that, he served in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 until 2004. -
Muro de Berlín
Muro de seguridad en la frontera interalemana que prohibía el acceso de pobladores de la RDA a la RFA. Se creó en 1961 y se derrumbó en 1989.
