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Emergence of Language Laboratories
Language laboratories: Classrooms equipped with recording devices and headphones where students can listen to and record conversations. These were some of the first uses of technology in language teaching that allowed for repetitive listening and speaking practice. -
Programmed Instruction and Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Programmed instruction:
Structured lessons delivered through computers and teaching machines; An early attempt to integrate technology into language learning. -
Multimedia and Interactive CD-ROMs
Multimedia programs: The use of video, audio, and graphics together enhanced the language learning experience. These were the precursors to more dynamic learning environments. Interactive CD-ROMs: These became a popular medium for distributing language learning software, offering rich, interactive content. -
The Internet and E-Learning
The rise of the internet: Teachers and students gained access to a wealth of language learning resources online, as well as forums and communities for practicing English. E-learning: Online courses and materials started to extend beyond the traditional classroom setting, with platforms offering distant learning opportunities. -
Mobile Learning and Web 2.0 Technologies
Mobile learning (M-Learning): With the spread of smartphones and tablets, language learning became mobile. Apps like Duolingo and Memrise grew in popularity, making learning more accessible and flexible. Web 2.0 technologies: Blogs, social media, video platforms (e.g., YouTube), and collaborative online tools (e.g., Google Docs) became integral to language learning, promoting interaction and content creation by learners. -
Artificial Intelligence and Adaptive Learning Systems
Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI-driven platforms began to personalize the learning experience, adjusting content to suit the learner’s needs and offering more interactive ways to practice language skills.