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Plessy V. Ferguson
The Supreme Court Allowed segregation to continue in schools by using separate but equal schools. They allowed the schools to continue being segregated by color. In 1954, though, the court revealed that the decision was unfair and determined that separate schools are inherently unequal. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People disagreed with the original ruling. They began the uproar that caused the law to change. -
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Brown V. Board of Education
In 1875, the Civil Rights Act was passed, making it a right of each individual to be treated equally. The legislation denying people equal rights to land, water, or entrances to public places such as amusement parks is illegal. It was made so that you could not be prejudiced against this based on race or color. Congress passed three constitutional amendments to help black Americans in politics. -
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Cooper V Aaron
During this time, several government officials in southern states didn't want to follow the Brown versus Board ruling. They believed the states shouldn't have to follow the federal court ruling because it violated the Constitution. In the end, though, the courts rejected this argument. They believed the federal courts could decide when the Constitution was being violated. -
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Engel V Vitale
Before 1962, each day in the New York school system began with a nondenominational prayer. In 1962, though, they took it to court and argued it was against the First Amendment, which guarantees freedom of religion. The courts agreed that this ultimately did go against the First Amendment, and the practice was no longer allowed. They stated the government could not sponsor such religious activities. -
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• Education of all Handicapped Children Act
The amendments to the Education of the Handicapped Act were made in 1975. This act ensured that local public schools had better resources for kids with mental, physical, emotional, and learning handicaps. I know they wanted to make sure everyone got an equivalent education at all public schools. Schools were required to evaluate all special needs students as individuals and give them proper care. They were also responsible for involving the parents as much as possible in their education plan. -
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Pyler v. Doe
In 1982, the Supreme Court decided that no student would be denied a free public education. This also meant that no matter their immigration status, they could have an education in the United States. The Supreme Court determined that excluding undocumented students from the public school system did more harm than good. This played a part in making a decision to allow all students an equal education -
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• Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser (1987)
This was about Matthew Fraser, who attended Bethel High School in 1987. He was suspended for three days for delivering an obscene speech at school. In his remarks, he was trying to be elected for a position in his school's office. After he went to court, fighting that he was, his First Amendment rights were violated. The courts ruled they were, in fact, not violated at all. -
Board of Education of Independent School District #92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls
During 1995, the Supreme Court had a court hearing about random drug tests on student-athletes. During the court hearing, they debated if this violated their 4th Amendment. The Fourth Amendment, which is unreasonable search and seizure, is illegal. The Supreme Court eventually upheld its decision. Which ultimately led to schools being able to record Random drug tests for all students for extracurricular activities.