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Jun 3, 1500
Trade Network in 1500 with Natives
Trading system and notion of ownership: They used the Barter system, where goods and/or services are directly exchanged for other goods and/or services. The value of an object was according to the buyer and seller's needs.
Trade network between families, groups and the various tribes -
Dec 5, 1501
Means of transportation of Natives
The natives used canoes to cross water. Unfortunately during the winter, canoeing was a little bit more difficult because ice formed in the lakes and rivers they canoed on. Instead they used snowshoes which allowed them to be able to walk on ice or snow with more efficiency -
Jun 12, 1502
Economic Roles of the Natives (Iroquois)
The economic roles of individuals is rather simple: the men are the hunters, the women are farmers and the elderly watch the children. Although the women are usually farmers, there could be exceptions where the women are hunters. -
Apr 12, 1506
European Fisheries
Before the French Regime, a bunch of European fishers were already present close to Saint-Lawrence River. Of course, the Native already being there caused a bit of trouble at times, sometimes ending peacefully or not... -
Trade Economy consequences during the French Regime
The Trade Economy was simple: fur was the highest in demand. The consequences of the demand are as follows:
.Small population so alliances with the Natives were made to find
fur faster
.Exploration and enlargement of territory to search for more and more furs.
.Establishment of trading posts: foundation of the towns of Quebec and Three Rivers -
Chartered Companies
The influence of the system of chartered companies on the organisation of society and territory (100 Associates).
Chartered companies were companies who were allowed the right to fur trade. They were supposed to administer and develop the colony. In the end, the population did not develop, was mostly male and they ignored the development of the colony and instead they tried to make as much profict as possible -
Mercantilism
Mercantilism is a way of financial organization theory. European countries though it was essential to posses as much gold as possible. They would accomplish this by exporting more than they import. The natural resources they took from their colonies would be changed into finished goods and sold back to the colonies. -
New France
New France started small but grew in size, small in population with the sole purpose to export natural resource (mainly furs) back to France.
Years later, Jean Talon tries to diversify the economy (triangular trade). Unfortunately, the demand for fur was too high. -
Economy based on fur during British Regime
The economy is bades on fur.
Fur trade economy passes into the hands of the English.
Creation of the North-West Company (1783) after the Americain Revolution and merge with the Hudson's Bay Company in 1821.
Decline in the fur trade by the beginning of the 19th century -
Economy based on timber during the British Regime
Blockade by Napoleon in 1806 and the rise in the demand for timber.
Creation of the Bank of Montreal in 1817 to allow people to invest and obtain credit.
New jobs: lumberjack, loggers, sawmills.
Improvement and development of transportation: canals, railroads, steamships.
Timber industry causes the development of new Regime (Mauricie, Outaouais, Laurentides). -
Contemporary Period: Exploitation of Resources
Exploitation of resources divided by sectors and by period of time (Agriculture, forest, mining, hydroelectricity, etc.). Source of capital in different economic sectors. Regional development linked to the development of different industries and exploitation of resource... (Abitibi, Saguenay-Lac Saint-Jean, etc.) -
Economic cycles: Phases of recession
The major recession that had an impact on the economy in a negative way were as follows: between 1873 and 1879, 1929, the 1930s, oil crisis in 1970, recessions between 1980 and 1990. These are mostly negative effects of globalization. -
Economic cycles: Phases of economic growth
During the 1st and 2nd phase of industrialization, the First World War, Roaring Twenties, 2nd World War, Post-War period and Quiet Revolution. These periods of time were periods of history where the economy got a huge boost. They all laster around a decennial (not in order since there were recessions where the economy plummeted). -
Beginning of industrialization
Industrialization was a huge change in Quebec's population and economy. The origins of the capital came from Britain. Skilled craftsman started using more costly/ time consuming methods and factories had assembly line with more efficient, dangerous and boring work. This made Quebec specialize in dairy, textiles and wood rather than farming wheat. -
Population changes pt.1
During the industrialization, a lot of population changes happened. National Policy favored immigration rather than the contrary. From 1871 to 1901 the population of Quebec and Canada rose by 30-50 percent. People were moving to urban centers. During this period of time, a lot of people left for the USA since there were better job opportunities in the United States. Early unions/ strikes were looked down on since jobs were in demand, if one was formed, you would get better working conditions. -
Population changes pt.2
The rich lived well (servants, mansions, gardens) but the rest did not ( this was a small portion of the population). Pollution was everywhere, no piped water, poor sanitation and diseases were rampant, working class was malnourished -
Workers' demands
Because of workers working long hours and barely getting paid, they start creating unions (the first unions were CTCC) and eventually bigger unions were made (CSN, FTQ, CSQ). The demands were clear: better work conditions, better pay and even less time on the job. When they worked after hours they got "overtime" which got them money. If the demands were not made, strikes and lockouts happened. -
The Great Depression
The Great Depression started after the stock market crash in 1929. This happened because people were buying shares in companies on borrowed money, when the debts were demanded to be repaid, they could not repay the bank so the stocks plummeted.
During this period of time, suicide was not shocking because of "Black Thursday" where stocks dropped to zero so people could not take the pressure of being bankrupt and suicided. Families bought as little as possible. Lay offs became regular. -
Government Solutions to the Great Depression
The government created public works projects to boost economy. Work camps were also made. Farming was encouraged. The end of the Great Depression was the beginning of the Second World War. The Second World War created a huge economic boost because there was a huge need for equipment for war. Even after the war, the economy was stable. -
Urban expansion
The impact of urban expansion on the organization of society and territory.
Development in the cities ; more transport such as the train and bus, hospitals and education becomes more accessible. More infrastructures are also created: aqueducts and sewers. It also causes the development of suburbs. The consequence to rural areas is the rural exodus, which causes more and more people to come to urban civilization. -
The Quiet Revolution
The Quiet Revolution or "La Révolution Tranquille" began in 1960, after Maurice Duplessis won the elections and beat Jean Lesage (Liberal Party). This was described as a political, social and economic reform of Quebec. . The goal of this was to make Quebec the major contributor to Quebec's social and economic development by expanding Hydro Quebec (which become government owned). They also wanted to lessen the influence of the Church.
