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Oct 5, 1500
Trade Network
They used a barter system as a trading system and notion of ownership. Also there were trade networks between families, groupes, and the various tribes (maps, potlatch) -
Period: Oct 5, 1500 to
Economy and Development
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Oct 7, 1501
Organization and occupation of the territory
The means of their transportation was the canoe in the spring, summer and fall, and in the winter they'd use snowshoes. Their economic roles were different for each person. The men were the hunters, the women would spend their days farming, and the elderly would watch over the children while their parents worked. -
Oct 7, 1502
European fishing grounds
The European fisheries did really well before the French regime. There were also many consequences of first contacts between aboriginals and the French fishers. Sometimes they were peaceful encounters and sometime not so peaceful. The three main economic elements were, fish, fur and timber. Eventually the French were the ones who had all the fish and furs. -
French Regime- based on fur
-There was an insufficiently dense population, leading the Natives alliance to do the hunting.
-There was an enlargement of territory so they could search for more furs.
-Established trading posts (Quebec and Three Rivers) -
Alliances and Rivalries
There were alliance with certain aborigianl groups. That meant the the Europeans were sometimes pulled into the Native's conflicts and vice versa. The Natives would be pulled into battles for European control of resources. -
Chartered Companies
The charted company system is based on privileges and Obligation. The privileges allowed the company to be the only one with rights to the fur trade, and the obligations was where they were supposed to administer and develop the colony. The population was kept small and mostly male. They would ignore the development of the colony. -
Economic Policies
Mercantilism was very important on the impact of the economic policies on the organization of the society and territory. Marcantilism is a technical term for how the king of France organized his company, and it makes the king more money. -
British Regime- economy based on fur
-Fur trade passes into the hands of the English
-North-West Company was created (1783)
-Merged with the Hudson's Bay Company (1821)
-There was a decline in the fur trade during the early 19th century -
Economy based on timber
-The Bank of Montreal was created (1817) to allow people to invest and be able to obtain loans (credit)
-There were new jobs such as; lumberjacks, loggers and sawmills
-Also there waws the improvement and development of transporatation such as; canals, railroads and steamships. -
Economic Policies
The trade with Britain was doing extremely well until:
- Britain ends it's preferential treatment with Canada
- Free Trade
- Reciprocity treaty was signed with the USA in 1854 (lasts 10 years)
- Canada lost Britain, but gained the USA -
Openinf of regions of colonization
The overpopulation of seigneuries led to the opening up of new regions. Also due to the timber industry, there was development of new Regions such as Mauricie, Outaouais and Laurentides. -
Contemporary Period- Exploitation of respurces
-Exploitation of resources by their sector and period (agriculture, forest, mining, hydroelectricity, etc...)
-Natural resouces were exploited (ore, pulp and paper)
-There was a source of capital in the different economic sectors
-Birth of the Crown corporations (company owned by the government) -
Industrial Development
-1st phase (1885-1900) subtract 15 years
-2nd phase (1900-1915) add 15 years
-war period (1939-1945) --> WWII helped get us out of the Great Depression
-post-war period (1945-1970) --> Canada was welcoming all kinds of immigrants
- the Source of Capital was now from the USA -
Economic Cycles
-Phases of economic growth (1st and 2nd phase of industrialization, 1st World War, Roaring twenties (upgrade in the economy), 2nd World War and the Post-War period, Quiet revolution, and positive effects of globalization)
-Phases of recession (Economic crises: 1873-1879, 1929, The 30's, oil crisis of 1973, recession since the years 1980 and 1990, and negative effects of globalization. -
Economic Policies
The Nationalist politics of MacDonals
Three main points of economic policies on the organization of society and territory:
- Increase Custom Duties: protect/promote canadian industries by ensuring Canadians bought Canadian goods.
- Build Railways: the canadian pacific railway was to run coast to coast, unify people, increase trade.
- Encourage Immigration: Especially in Western Canada, bigger population which led to bigger market. -
First Phase Industrialization in Quebec/ Population Changes
Skilled craftsmen were using more costly and time consuming methods (factories, assembly lines, more efficient (better for economy $$$), they were dangeruous and boring type of work. These industries were powered by coal and/or steam engines.
-National Policy favored immigration, wanted to build a railway across Canada, and creat taxes on things coming from the US
-population rose 30-49% in Quebec and Canada
-birth rate remains very high
-better jobs now in the USA, Ontario & Western Canada -
The Great Depression
Cause: The stock market crashed. People were buying shares in companies on borrowed money, and when debts were called in, the stocks plummeted. They dropped below sero, people were ruined and many committed suicide. It had occured as a result of the first world war came to an abrupt end, and characterized as the Great Depression. Most of the sectors of the economy were hit hard (wheat farmers especially). There were massve lay offs, and families bought as little as possible. -
Quiet Revolution
It began in Quebec with the electoral defeat of the Union Nationale bu Jean Lesage and his Liberal Party. It was best described as a rapid and farreaching process of social, economic and political reform in Quebec from the early all the way to the late 60's. It can also be called the beginning of the welfare state, where there was a massive increase in government intervention.
