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Period: 1483 to 1546
Martin Luther
Luther translated the Bible into German, which began the teaching and learning for people to be able to read in their native language. This confirmed the need to have schools to teach children to read. -
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Lohn Locke
Locke is known for his theory, the mind is a blank tablet. He believed that development came from how children were being raised and from the experiences they encountered. -
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Robert Owen
Owen believed he could build a "more perfect society" by controlling the circumstances and consequent outcomes early on life. He opened an infant school for children 18 months to 10 years. His beliefs have influenced educators to understand the importance of early education. -
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Friedrich Froebel
Froebel, the "Father of Kindergarten", believed in teaching children what they are ready to learn and when they are ready to learn it after observing how they are "unfolding". He compared the children to plants and himself to a gardener. He also introduced in his curriculum gift giving, games, and songs to help promote self-activity. -
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John Dewey
Dewey created the Progressivism theory of schooling. He believed that education "is a process of living and not a preparation for the future living" and that people should be constantly learning about life as their day goes on. Activities in classroom resembled closely to their life at home. He wanted children to understand what they were learning rather than memorizing it. -
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Lev Vygotsky
Vygotsky believed that children develop mentally, verbally, and socially through social interaction rather than solitary. He also believed that development is influenced by their experiences and that in order for children to develop new concepts they need good communication with the teacher. -
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Erik Erikson
Erikson based his theory, psychosocial development, on his belief that cognitive and social development go hand in hand and cannot be separated. He believed that society played a huge role in how children develop. -
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Howard Gardner
Gardner created a philosophy that rather than having only one intelligence, there multiple intelligence, which means that people can be "smart" in multiple ways. He has identified nine intelligence and they play an important role in today's schooling.