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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
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3900 BCE
Cause of Disease
Early people believed that illnesses were caused by supernatural spirits. -
3600 BCE
Treatment for the Sick
When trying to heal the sick they would use ceremonies to get rid of spirits. They also used plants and herbs to heal. -
3100 BCE
Medicines Still Used Today
We still use some medicines that they used back then. We use Digitalis, Quinine, Belladonna and Atropine, and Morphine. -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
The Egyptians started taking accurate health records. The physicians were the priest. They would use leeches for blood letting and learned how to use a splint for fractures. -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
The idea of acupuncture was invented by the Chinese and is still used regularly today. It was used to treat pain and disease. -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
The Greeks were the first to realize that maybe illnesses come from nature too and not all just spiritual. Hippocrates is known as the father of medicine. He obstreperous gained all his knowledge by observing the body and anatomy. Bodies were not allowed to be dissected due to religion so they had to just study the outside of the body to learn. -
100
Ancient Romans
The Romans were the first to send medical care to solders in wars. They kept rooms in there houses for patients to stay which is the start of hospitals. The doctors wore masks when around sicknesses. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
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500
Why Did the Study of Medicine Stop
The study of medicine stopped when the Roman Empire was taken over by the Huns. -
700
How Did They Treat Disease
For about 1,000 medicine was only practiced in convents and monasteries. The only treatment was prayer at this time because they believed the matter of life and death was all in Gods hand. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
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1100
Epidemics
Epidemics caused millions of deaths through this time. The Bubonic Plague killed 60 million people and many other wide spread diseases did the same. They didn’t have vaccines against those things like we do today. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth of the Medical Field
During the Renaissance period they restarted research and learning about developments in medical history. The acceptance of dissection was also part of the many new ideas they were discovering. The development of the printing press was also used for publishing books. -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th Centuries
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1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci studied and took notes of anatomy of the body. -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
Fallopius was the first to discover the Fallopian tubes in the female body. -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
He discovered the tube connecting the ear and the throat. -
William Harvey
He used his knowledge to discover the circulation of blood throughout the body. -
Antonio von Leeuwenhoek
He invented the microscope which proved that there is life smaller then the eye can see. -
Apothecaries
They are early pharmacists that started in mid evil England. -
Period: to
18th Century
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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin’s discoveries are very helpful in many different. He invented bifocals. He also found out that colds and other infections can be passed from one person to another. -
Medical Students Learning
Students attended lectures and laboratories to learn. -
Joseph Priestley
He discovered the element oxygen and found out that plants make cleaner air. -
Edward Jenner
He discovered a way to vaccinate against smallpoxs. His discovery saves millions of lives and lead to an immunization. -
René Laënnec
Invented the first stethoscope made of wood. -
Period: to
19th and 20th Centuries
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Ignacio Semmelweis
He discovered that puerperal fever was caused by people delivering babies without washing there hands before. The women would get infected and pass away. He found out the importance in hand washing and keeping clean. -
Florence Nightingale
Nightingale was the founder of modern nursing and made nursing a respectable job for women. -
Louis Pasteur
He is known as the “father of microbiology” and discovered microorganisms. He also proved that microorganisms can cause disease. He also created the vaccine for rabies. -
Dmitri Ivanovski
He discovered that sometimes diseases are caused by microorganisms that cant be seen by a microscope and are called viruses. -
Joseph Lister
Lister was the first to use carbolic acid to disinfect wounds and prevent infection. He was the first to use an antiseptic during the surgeries he preformed. -
Ernst von Bergmann
Was the first to make an asepsis or a sterile place to preform surgery to prevent infection. -
Robert Koch
He discovered many disease causing organisms and developed a culture plate to find pathogens. He also believed in the importance of cleaning and sanitation. -
Paul Ehrlich
He was the first to discover the effects medicine had on microorganisms. He was able to kill microorganisms but not bacteria. Chemicals were starting to be used to fight disease. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Roentgen discovered how to take an x-ray. The discovery allowed them to see inside the body easily. -
Anesthesia
Many patients would die from pain during surgeries and there were many unsafe and unpractical ways to lessen the pain. Nitrous oxide and chloroform were discovered to put patients into a deep sleep so they don’t experience any pain during surgeries. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
He figured out that penicillin killed life threatening bacteria. This was considered one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century. They were now able to cure illnesses that people died from all the time. -
Sigmund Freud
Freud discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the brain. He figured out that the mind and body worked together to function. This began the study of psychology and illnesses caused by emotional conflict. -
Gerhard Domagk
He discovered sulfonamide compounds that were the first medicines capable of killing bacteria. -
Jonas Salk
Discovered that a dead polio virus can cause immunity to poliomyelitis which paralyzed thousands of people. The vaccine saved many people from disability and death. -
Albert Sabin
Albert Sadin was the first to use a live polio vaccine which is more effective and still suede today. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
They discovered the molecular structure of DNA and it’s double helix shape. They found out how DNA replicates and how hereditary information is carried on. -
Christian Barnard
He performed the first successful heart transplant. -
Ben Carson
Ben Carson is a pioneer of separating Siamese twins and preforming hemispherectomies to stop seizures. -
Period: to
21st Century
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3D Printed Body Parts
Scientists have successfully created body parts by using 3D printers. They can be used to replace dead or dis-functioning organs or making prosthetics. -
The Bionic Eye
The company ‘Second Sight’ got approval from the U.S. government to start selling the bionic eye. The eye uses a camera in the user’s glasses to depict a picture and send the message to the retinal implant. -
Seizure Stoppers
A company called NuroPace made the worlds first closed loop neuromodulation system that is always monitoring brain waves and detects unusual activity. -
The World’s First Artificial Pancreas
The artificial pancreas measures blood glucose levels every 5 minutes and adjust your dosage according to your readings. -
CRISPR/Cas9 Genetic Scissors
Emmanuel a Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna discovered a “scissor” which is enzymes that separate pieces of DNA to restore them to proper function.