-
a- bomb 1945
Almogordo- new mexico 16/7/1945 -
stratgic air command head general gen curtis le may
made from 1948-57
'old iron pants'
primary defence system for us -
ussr A-bomb
yield of 22 kilotons
copy of Fatman -
lockheed u-2 spy planes
u-2 spy plane unauthorised reconnaissance flights
b-29 bmbrs used before
used lockheed u-2, range of 2600 miles, fly 75000 feet out of range and rador. -
usa hydro bomb pacific ocean
ivy mike its yield was 10 megatons -
300,000 ppl move out gdr
brain drain -
ussr hydro bomb
400 kilotons, not true multi-stage bomb -
Lithium H-bombs usa
developed by usa
1500 x more powerful than a-bomb -
Austrian state treaty 1955 may
austr- split in 2 zones begining
allowed to rejoin- has to stay neutral no comm nor cap
shows peaceful co-op of allies -
ussr hydro boms
100x more powerful than 1st attempt -
geneva summit
free elect germ,
open skies proposal
ussr didn't have tech- thrtnd by usa
eisenhower propose- krsch rjct
have mb of opposit on nuke crew -
first true hydro bomb
ussr tested first true hydro bomb- only yield of 1.6 megatone -
hungary- ussr troop removal 28oct
krschv remove troops on 28 oct
1 nov nagy said hungry remove from warsaw pact
3rd nov- hungry circled by sov tanks and 15 divisions of red army. 4000 tanks
janos kadar- new govrnm- hard commie, loyal to moscow
4000 citizens dead
200,000 self imposed exile -
20th congress comm party feb 1956
krsch abandon stalinist/ marxist/lennist view that war innevitable
comm so strong win without
strnghtn nuke capabilt
be unchallenged ldr of comm sphere
spend on military serv reduce -
Poland uprising
june-october, 1956 uprising in poland
ppl demand more rights and freedom
strikes on 28 june
oct 1956 wladyslaw gomulka- head of comm elected- threatened by krschv
told can saty as deputy minister so long as doesnt leave warsaw pact and doesnt inro reforms
backed by pols and china, kept pol way to socialism not ussr way
sov tanks left peacefully -
Hungary uprising oct-nov
burned holes through flags
inspired by pols
22 oct student protest- 16 demands, appointment of imre nagy as PM, withdrawl of sov troops, free speech and press and more than 1 party for elections
next day revolt. Nagy immediately made PM 24 oct
told anastas nikoyan -ussr delegate, interv not necessary.
poznan- -
gdr more exodus 150,000
-
cuban revolution
fiedel and raul castro come back, with 79 supporters, 'los barbudos', and ernesto de guevara- argentine revolutionary
overthrow gov, turn commie in ltr yrs, 1959
usa strssd- own backyard, cuba constitution give usa access to bases- guatanamo bay -
kruschev speech 25 feb 1956
25 Feb 1956- criticised Stalin not in spirit of Marxism to turn a single person into God.
followed by uprisings -
Gaither report nov 1957
check up on nuke capab of sovs
common belief sovs catching up
eisenhwr want to reassure ppl
gaps found, ussr-us missile esp for icbms 100-30 ussr-us -
ICBM ussr
1957
inter continental ballistic missile
summer -
ussr dlvr nuke missile for warheads
-
Sputnik 1 oct 1957
laika dog sent to orbit earth for 10 days
usa huge fear, thought ussr could launch nukes from space- couldnt. -
bermuda conf dec 1957
eisnhwr station some nukes in brit and some in nato 1957 dec -
icbm r-7 semyorka
launched by ussr
could travel 8800 km to deliver nukes -
usa flopnik
$1bill given sep 1958 to area of tech dvlpm
us navy rckt vanguard crash- flopnik -
NASA
national aeronautics and space administration
eisenhower
space all important to us security -
us success satelite
1958 jan -
fifteeenth plenum
vwp central commitee plan to reunify vietnam
declare war on south, use military power to remove diems regime
north support anti-diem grps in south -
6 month ultimatum
27 nov 1958- krsch, tell usa to remove west from frg or ussr to make pact with gdr that would threaten usa, west passage to berlin
all sov rights to be transfrd to gdr- force west to ackn gdr- kill hallestein doctrine -
camp david talks
1st sov to meet with usa at talks, krsch and eisenhower
unsuccessful- talk about ger and demilitaris
worsnd relat with china
led to paris summit -
slbms
submarine launched ballistic missile
polaris, thor, the minuteman- icbms -
sov icbsms by 1959
only 10 ss-6 icmbs deployed
esienhwr trust u-2spy plane evd not gaither report -
Ussr strength to strenght program
sergei p korchev led program, oct 1959 1st satellite successfully orbit moon launched
yur gagarin- 1st nov cosmonaut- hero -
satellite to orbit moon luna III
ussr - -
batista regime collapse
in cuba- overthrown by commies, castro in pwr
seize american land and money, agrarian reform -
paris summmit 1960 may
krsch deal on ger
ban nukes in ger and pacific. fail china not bounf by agrmnt
summit collapsd- u-2 spy plane shot down- shows spyng on ussr- pilot gary powers -
satellite photo usa
discov better than plane- can take photos from up in space
1960
more knowledge from one capsule than 4yrs with plane -
anastas mikoyan and castro deal
arranged $100 mill credit with castro- cuba, ussr satellite state- usa fears.
1st shpmnt crude oil, april 1960s
usa refuse refine it, castro nationalise companies
usa reduce cuban sugar imports by 95% and other sanctions so castro seize $1bill worth us assets-0ct 1960 -
NLF dec 1960
national liberation front
anti-diem league in sth bckd by north
ldr- nguyen huu tho- but spiritual ldr ho chi minh
nlf manifesto- 10 point program -
operation kick start
in carribean
ussr defnce minister, if usa determnd attack, cuba last no more than one week.
rodion malinovsky -
gdr citizns flee
10,000 move out first half of 1961 -
usa remove castro regime decide
bay of pigs, jfk inherited it
1500 exiles, military coup, land bay of pigs
huge embarassmnt for kndy administr -
kndy counter insurgncy
nov 1961-- sent general taylor and hair of state planning departement policy commitee, walt roscow to viet to asses situation
report- send 10,000 ground troops -
kndy announc usa man on moon
usa would be the first country to put a man on the moon -
berlin wall built start
build wall begins 1st wire than concrete
4 crossing points -
ussr detonate h-bomb of 50megatons
-
mongoose op 30 nov 1961
remove castro, usa plot
overthrow from within
failure
general edward lansdale lead oper
dvlp airstrike plan oplan312 and 314- ussr supply with arms, usa not intervn -
oper anadyr
krsch send nukes to cuba- hope to deter usa interv and further plans
send econ, military and politic aid- cuba, fightr planes, bmbrs, 14,000 grnd troops
1100 and 2800 kilomtrs missiles
bridge gap in nuke capablt
13 day missile crisis -
usa space caught up by 1962
had 63 succesfl mission
ussr only 15 -
strategic hamlet programme
1962 march, move the ppl of sth viet into hamlets
operation sunrise- seperate vietcong from peasants- alienated ppl more and made them turn to vietcong
over 3000 hmlts and 4mill ppl lvng in them -
usa find out nukes cuba
13 day crisis
u2 spy plane 14 oct find out
evid of r-12 missiles at san cristobal -
kndy national advisry borad EXComm
executive committe of national security, doves-diplomtc solut and hawks-militry actn, 16 oct
spk of options and consqns -
ship blockade cuba
sov ships reach quarantine, ussr angry, act of agrsn
stpd dead in water
had to reverse course -
krsch tlgrm to kndy 26oct 1961
say ussr will remove nukes so long as us non-invasion pledge
castro paranoid- betrayeed, usa invasion imminent, shot down a plane- pilot rudolf anderson
usa retalliate shoot down sov s-75 plane -
kndy response to krschv
krschv sent him second one that usa to remove nuke from turkey,
kndy only respond to 1st one but would remove nuke from turkey after just didnt want to seem weak
krschv agree remove missile- 28 oct 1962 -
Buddhist crisis 1963
diem- catholic
bro- repressd bdhists
didn't let them celebr buddhas bday but encourg catholics to celebr and fly flags for thuc
crisis in hue may 1963- ldr tri quang
9ppl killed melee- protests spread
hungr strikes
buddhist set hmslf on fire saigon -
moscow test ban treaty oct 1963
ban test of nukes in atmosphere -
hotline
direct call available 24/7 in case of emergency- more symbolic, access one to one -
replacement for diem
rodger hilsman, head of state department for eastern bureau sent letter to henry cabot lodge, us ambassador sth viet to asses situation and find replacement of diem
he said conflt reslv with diem as head -
diem and bro assntd
nov 2 1963