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Birth
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Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage Begins
During this Piager's Sensorimotor stage, infants explore the world around them through both direct sensory and motor contact. This time period is important because it involves the development and eventual loss of characteristics such as object permanence or separation anxiety. This stage is expected to last about 2 years. -
Freud's Oral Stage
This stage was proposed by Freud and is expected to last approximately a year and a half. During this stage, the child will be focused on oral pleasures. This is supposidly why babies like sucking on their toys or fingers - because they are in the oral stage of development. -
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Jillian Stockbauer
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Infancy
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Grasping Reflex Disappears
The grasping reflex typically occurs in young infants, but disappears after only about 6 months. Infants with this reflex will grab on and cling tightly to a toy or finger that they are able to grasp. -
Rooting Reflex Disappears
The rooting reflex occurs when the cheek of an infant is brushed lightly and the baby turns their head and open their mouth in response. This reflex is expected to fade in a reletively short time, lasting only about 4 months usually. -
Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust Stage
In the first year of life, most babies experience the trust vs. mistrust complexity. They subconsciously question whether or not the environment and people around them are predectable or supportive and if they are safe. They are learning which people and which contraptions to trust, and can become wary of thing that they are uncertain of. -
Kohlberg's Pre-conventional Stage of Development
A child in the pre-conventional stage, which is made up of two individual stages in itself, will define mortality by following rules in order to avoid punishment. Punishment motivates obedience sometimes during the first stage of pre-conventional. During the second stage, moral is defined by whatever satisfies the childs needs. These two stages typically last until about nine years. -
Babinski Reflex
The Babinski reflex has to do with the baby's response to a sense on their foot. When a pen (or key) is run along the bottom of their foot, they tend to naturally shove their foot forward and expand their toes. This changes as they grow older and after about a year they are expected to have the opposite reaction - pulling their feet back and curling their toes up. -
Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt Stage
The process of learning to do things independantly is key to this stage of life. It typically lasts until a child is around three years old. During this time they will question their own indepencence and abilities. They will learn what they are able to do on their own and discover what they still need mom and dad or other people for. They may feel shameful if they discover they are not capible of completing a certain task and begin to doubt themselves as a result. -
Piaget's Preoperational Stage Begins
A child during this stage in life represents objects with symbols such as words and symbols. They usually don't reason logically becasue their brains are not all the way developed. The ability to pretend is a key characteristic of this stage. Another characteristic that stands out during this time is egocentrism, which can cause children to only be able to see situations through their own eyes and not anyone else's. This usually last until the child is about 6 years old. -
Freud's Anal Stage
Toilet training normally takes place during this stage. The child gains a new freedom and control through this. According to Freud, the anus was the central pleasure focus in this stage. Infants must learn to control that stimulation so that they are later able to fit into society. This lasts until about three years normally. -
Childhood Begins
Childhood marks an age of discovery. Hundreds of milestones are hit during this stage of life, from little ones such as riding a bike to more important ones such as a new sibling. Physical development is obvious during this time. Perceptions, moral beliefs, and cognitive abilities also change drastically during this period of growth. -
First Sibling
My first sibling was an important milestone in my development because he forced me to learn how to share my parents and my toys, and get how to make sacrifices and think of others before myself. Bram would be followed by many more siblings in later years, but he represents an important step because I learned a lot about sacrifice through him. -
Freud's Phallic Stage
According to Freud, during a childs Phallic stage they are attracted to the parent of the opposite sex and resent the same sex parents. The pleasure focus of this stage is the genitals. Freud claims the feelings of rivalry of a son to his father or daughter to her mother are unconscious and help the children to become more like their parents through identification. -
Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilt Stage
In the process of discovering themselves, children in the 3-6 age range seem to go through a stage where they question their own "goodness". If they disobey, they may tend to over think it, deciding if that makes them a bad person. They are in the process of figuringing out what is ok and what kind of actions make them guilty of a bigger crime. -
Kohlberg's Conventional Stage Begins
There are really two parts to the conventional stage. In the first part, children are concerned with getting others approval and may feel sad if they are left out of the group. Peer pressure is especially huge doing this time because children so desperately want to fit in socially. The second part of this stage is more concerned with "law and order". Kids are more concerned with moral rules and the authority that has been established than their peers. -
Freud's Latency Stage
Freud's latency stage involves children focusing on social skills. They shift away from sexual desires and tend to grow intellectually and socially. This occurs around 6 years of age and lasts until puberty and the onset of sexual thoughts. -
Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage Begins
The concrete operational stage is the second to last stage of Piaget's cognitive development stages. It occurs around ages 7 to 12 and represents the point where children can think logically about concrete objects, but are not able to reason logically yet. This is the age where adding and subtracting are usually learned, because children understand the main concepts involved with that. They are also able to understand and take part in converation. -
Erikson's Industry vs. Inferiority Stage
This stage occurs in most children at about ages 6 to 12. They consider their own abilities and work and try to determine the quality of it. They pose the question "Am I successful or worthless?", and depending on how harshly they evaluate themselves, that can lead to self-esteem or confidence problems later in life. -
Freud's Genital Stage
According the Freud, the genital stage occurs in adolescence and brings back sexual desires from earlier in childhood. Individuals seek relationships and are most satisfied when giving pleasure. Freud believed that this stage marked the completion of personality development, but few psychologist would agree with this statement today. -
Piaget's Formal Operational Stage Begins
The begining of the formal operational stage marks the time when adolescents have the ability to think of hypothetical situations. This allows them to reason abstractly and think outside the box at a much higher degree than the former stage. This ability is the final stage of Piaget, so it lasts until a person reaches their intellectual peak during adulthood. -
Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion Stage
The early teen years are often characterized as years of role confusion because everyone is trying to fit in. Teenagers ask themselves who exactly they are and how they can find their purpose in life. High School Musical depicts Erikson's Identity vs Rold Confusion stage perfectly because the main characters are trying to figure out if they belong in the world of nerds, jocks, or musical/theatrical people. This is exactly the kind of conflict Erikson was trying to describe in this stage. -
First Day of Public School
In my life, starting public school was a huge milestone. I was homeschooled until 8th grade, and once I went to public school my world was completely altered. I had to handle major responsibilities such as tests and homework that I never had before then. Also the social difference that took place in my life that year was enormous. -
Adolescence Begins
The begining of adolescence can occur at various different ages, all depending on the individual.Girls tend to mature faster, so most will hit adolescence before boys that are their same age. Adolescence changes the cognitive abilities, moral values, and physical development of all who go through it. It is a period of finding where you fit into your society, often involving struggles socially or with parents and siblings. -
First Job
Getting a job is a major milestone in life because it means you can begin to be economically independant. Making your own money and learning how to handle it has a huge impact on your development. Handling the responsibility of a job also helps to prepare you for bigger jobs later in life and teaches you how to work with people in a different kind of environment than you were used to. -
First Intimate relationship.
This milestone can occur in high school, college, or for some not even until later on in life. Having an intimate relationship either with a close friend or a girlfriend//boyfriend is very important because it teaches how to care for others deeply and express feelings completely. This kind of relationship can help adolescents overcome their egocentrism because it causes them to care about one another at a higher level. -
Driver's License
Getting a driver's license provides a new freedom to adolescents because they can go places themselves and have less dependence on their parents. This could also lead to new responsibilities such as paying for gas and remembering to go places on their own. Driving opens up a whole new world of freemom and responsibility for teens. -
Early Adulthood Begins
The age where adulthood offical begins cannot be directly established because it is different for everyone and there is not one particular moment when it happens. In early adulthood there are lots of scary new experiences that involved being on your own in order to gain indepencence. There are many theories of stages of development that depict adulthood as figuring out how to succeed in life. -
Erikson's Intimacy vs. Isolation Stage
The 6th stage of Erikson's theory focuses on the question "Shall I share my life with someone or live alone?" Young adults normally expeirence a lot of their peers getting married and are forced to question something that will have one of the biggest impacts on their life: whether or not they want to get married. It may become apparent in this stage, how permanant marrage is. During this stage, young adults determine whether or not they want to spend their life with someone else. -
Erikson's Generativity vs. Stagnation
Middle adults most often experience this stage. They question their success up unto this point - often judged by their children or their job position and social acceptance. They also consider their future and determine what they need to do now to have an overall successful life. -
Having Children
Not everyone has children, but for those who do it is a very important milestone because it is the first time someone else truely depends on you for their life. It brings about an entire new level of responsibility. Your focus and priority now have to be on your little ones and what is best for them rather than what best suits your own needs. -
Adult Male Crisis
The major male crisis is expected to happen around age thirty, but like many events, this can vary greatly. This seems to be the age where men are marriend and have a job and house and family and they begin to look back over their life so far. Any regrets come out now and they may wish they could redo certain choices that got them where they are today. Levinson thought the most important transitions took place at age 30, 40, 50 and 60 years old. -
Erikson's Ego Integrity vs. Despair Stage
In Erikson's final psychosocial stage of development, older adults contemplate their life. They wonder whether or not they have lived a full life. Some regrets may come out then as they consider all the pathways they took over the years, but ultimately, they decide the level of their success and the quality of their life. Factors that affect this may be children, job, social standing, financial state, marriage, and overall happiness. -
Middle Adulthood Begins
MIddle adulthood often involves family life. It can often be overwhelming having to deal with the needs of children, spouse, job, and yourself. Middle adulthood includes a the infamous mid-life crisis as well as various other natural and inevitable struggles. Health problems become more frequent and are strongly affected by life choices. Most people reach their peak in learning ability and social development during this time. The education and profession impact when a person hits their peak. -
Kohlberg's Post- conventional Stage of Development
During the post-conventional stage which is actually catagorized into two seperate stages, people tend to broaden their viewpoints. In the first part of it, the idea of a social contract is prevelant. Societies laws take over a person's conscience and the key question becomes whether or not the laws fit society. The final part of the stage involves a universal ethics principle where moral laws are a higher priority than any "man-made" or written law in a society. -
Late Adulthood Begins
Late adulthood marks a time of reflection on life so far. Experiences in this period of life include empty-nest syndrome as children begin to leave the house, and possible retirement. There is a decline in cognitive abilities, although less of one for those who stay mentally active. The body becomes weaker physically as well. It may come as a shock to some people who are unable to complete certain activities that they used to be capable of. There are various reactions to all of these changes. -
Empty-Nest Syndrome
While both mothers and fathers can experience this feeling of emptyness and loss when their children all move out, psychologists say it is mostly felt by mothers. When the youngest child leaves for college, the house is suddenly much quieter and their mom may feel useless anymore. This syndrome is often accompanied by depression because of how immensely the children are missed. -
Old Age Begins
Old age begins officially when independence declines. It can range from 65-over 100 years. The biggest componant of this time of life is loss. It may seem like everyone is gone at once: family, friends, home, etc. which forces contemplation of death. Physcial abilities will lessen as well and an illness or disability may contribute to loss of independence. -
Onset of Alzheimer's
Alzheimers disease involves extreme memory loss - one of many items that are lost with the onset of old age. It can occur as young as 60 and continually get worse as people grow older. The memorty loss can get to such a grave place that the person doesn't remember his or her own spouse or children. People with alzheimers are much safer in a nursing home or assisted living so that they have someone to care for them. -
Kubler Denial Stage
Although not all the stages of death occur in the same order for everyone, denial is often first. When someone finds out they are dying or someone they love has died, especially if it is sudden or unexpected, they will probably deny the truth for a period of time. It is natural to shove the unpleasent feelings of sadness and mourning away for as long as possible. It is also very difficult to imagine death as such a reality. -
Kubler Anger Stage
The loss of a close family member or friend triggers lots of emotions - anger being one of the strongest. Anger can be directed towards a variety of things, mainly fate, doctors, pwers, God, and surrounding family and friends. It often makes a person's emotions unstable because the anger is so overwhelming. -
Kubler Barganining Stage
The barganing stage involves passionate prayer and begging to some greater power. A religious person may plead with their God to give them bac k their life or the life of a loved one. Even non religious people often find themselves trying to strike a deal with some greater, unknown power. Someone may offer good behavior, a material of great value, or even their own life in exchange for someone they love. -
Kubler Depression Stage
Depression is almost unavoidable when it comes to facing the end of your own life or the life of someone you are close to. In this stage, the focus is completely on the loss being incurred. It is a strong emotion that begins to overtake thoughts and all other aspects of life. -
Kubler Acceptance Stage
The final stage of death and dying is acceptance. It is characterized by a sense of calm and peace. All the previous mourning and loss becomes less significant and you just understand that what is about to happen is unescapable.
