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First Scheduled Trans-Atlantic Scheduled Service
Black Ball Line begin services from Liverpool to New York using Packet Ships. -
P&Q is founded
in 1837, the company won a contract from the government to deliver mail to the Iberian peninsula. -
Cunard line is founded
Cunard is founded as a British and north American royal mail steam-packet company by Samuel Cunard, sir George burns and Robert Napier. they began operations with four paddle steamers on the Liverpool -Halifax- Boston route. -
cows travel on board
Britannia, a cruises ship operated by Cunard left Liverpool with cows on board to provide a fresh supply of milk to passengers -
P&Q introduced first leisure cruises
In 1844, PO expanded into leisure cruising and began offering sailings from the UK to the Mediterranean. PO first introduced passenger services in 1844, with a leisure cruise departing from Southampton to the Mediterranean. These voyages were the first of their kind and the forerunner of modern cruise holidays.
(Customer Type Demand] - These were originally aimed at those with high levels of wealth such as Royalty, Nobles and Senior Government/Business Officials. -
first cruise between network and Europe
The ship, Quaker City, was the first cruise from New York to Europe. -
first 100% steal structed ship
PO launch the ship Ravena, which the first the to be constructed with a 100% steal superstructure.
(technology development)- this marked the first time the ship has been designed using a 100% steal, this created a more solid structed compared to traditional wood. -
electric lights
The first ship to have electric lights is launched called SS Valetta
(technology development) -
first ship exclusively for cruising launch
Prinzessian Victoria Luise was launched as the world's first purpose built cruise ships. The ship was built in Germany for Hamburg American Line (HAPAG). -
Titanic sinks
RMS Titanic sinks on its maiden voyage between Southampton and New York Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, approximately 1,500 died. The ship was operated by White Star Line and carried some of the wealthiest people in the world. -
Period: to
glamour of cruising
For those crossing The Atlantic, this time period was considered a glamourous period catering to the rich and famous.
[Customer Type Demand]
(Social Economic Changes) -
cruise lines merge
White Star Line merge with their main rival Cunard
Line. The line would remain as a single company until 2005 when it was merged into Carnival Corporation p/c.
[Integration] -
Period: to
world war 2
Many cruise ships were used to transport troops heading to war. Cruises and transatlantic sailing come to abrupt end. Many ocean liners were destroyed during the war. -
Period: to
ten pounds poms
Over 1 million people paid a £10 cruise fare to Australia, with the majority travelling with P80 These passengers were referred to as Ten Pound. (Social Economic Changes) -
growth of air travel
Large passenger jet aircraft were introduced, with travellers switching from ships to planes. This caused a rapid decline in passenger numbers. -
Period: to
increasing the appeal
Cruise lines begin to focus on improving the passenger experience to attract more passengers.
This includes large public ballrooms, public lounges, swimming pools, with some cruise lines also introducing on board ceremonies.
[Social Economic Changes]
(Technological Advances]
(Changes in Customer Type Demand) -
Period: to
growth of cruise lines
During this period several major cruise lines were founded including Princess Cruises (1965), Norwegian Cruise Line (1966), Royal Caribbean
(1968), MSC (1970), Carnival Cruises (1989) and Silversea (1994). This significantly increased the number of cruise lines available, each offering a wide range of products and services. (customer type and demand) -
love boat launches on tv
Love Boat launched in 1977 as a romantic comedy-drama set on MS Pacific Princess. This was a big contributor to the increase in popularity of cruising
[Customer Type Demand] -
Period: to
more new cruise line emerge
Sevoral new cruise lines are emerged including Celebrity Cruises (1989), Disney Cruise Line (1995), Regent Seven Sea (1990) and Silversea (1994). This once again expanded the choice customers had when selecting a cruise holiday. [Customer Type Demand) -
Thomson tui restart their cruise line
Thompson restarted their cruise line called sun cruises and it was rebranded Thompson cruises and the shortly after the rebrand they changed it to Marella Cruises in 2017
(tour operator integration) -
growth of large corporations
Cunard is purchased by Carnival Corporation in 1998. incressing the number of cruise lines they own.
During this period, Royal Carbbean Group also continue to expand and introduce new cruise lines.
[Integration] -
internet at sea
The first cruise ship to have internet at sea is launched in 1999. Norwegian Sky becomes the first cruise ship to offer an Internet Cafe with paid pay-as-you go internet access.
(Technological Advances] -
carnival corporation acquire P&Q cruises
PEO Cruses is sequired By Carnival Corporation in 2003.
(Integration) -
launch of the three queens
Cunard launch three new ships which are known as the Three Queens'. Queen Mary 2 (2004), Queen Victoria (2007) and Queen Elizabeth (2010)-
[Technological Advances) -
oasis of the seas launches
Royal Caribbean launch Oasis of the Seas which becomes the world's largest cruise ship, capable of carrying over 6,000 passengers. It includes an outdoor Aqua Theatre and the worlds first park at sea.
[Technological Advances] -
costa Concordia sets sea to sail
The Costa Concordia sinks after hitting an underwater rock near the island Isola del Giglio. The evacuation took over 6 hours and 32 people died.
The accident raised concers about cruise ship safety -
virgin groups announce virgin voyages
Virgin Voyages is annouriced and plan to offer adult-only cruises. Their first cruise ship, Scarlet Lady, launched in 2021
(Customer Type Demand]
[Tour Operator Integration] -
P&O launch britannia
PO launch Britannia which becomes the largest vessel created for the British market It includes Britain's first cookery school at sea and cutting-edge entertainment.
[Technological Development)
(Customer Type Demand] -
Period: to
covid 19 pandemic
the global cruise industry collapsed as the government around the world introduced travel restrictions. In 2020, Diamond Princess was quarantined off Japan for two weeks until passengers and crew ere evacuated. 720 people were infected with covid=19.
nearly 30 cruise ships were scrapped during the covid
-19 pandemic and some cruise lines went into administration.
(social economic changes) -
icon of the seas set sail
Royal Caribbean launch Icon of the Seas, which becomes the world's largest cruise ship capable of carrying a maximum of 7,600 passengers and 2,350 crew. It includes the largest swim-up bar at sea, ice skating and the first suspended infinity pool at sea.
[Technological Advances]