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The Tire
The very first tires were bands of iron placed on the wooden wheels of carts and wagons. Luckily, with the discovery of rubber things changed. It was in the mid-1800s that the first tire made using rubber appeared. They were simple tires; the rubber carried the load entirely.
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The Tire
In 1845 the pneumatic or air-filled tire- which works by air within the tire absorbing the shocks of the road – was invented and patented by RW Thomson. His design used a number of thin inflated tubes inside a leather cover (see illustrated). This meant that it would take more than one puncture before the tire deflated. However, despite this breakthrough in tires, the old solid rubber variety was still favoured by the public, leaving the pneumatic tire out in the wilderness. -
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The Tire
In 1888 John Boyd Dunlop, unbeknownst to him, reinvented the pneumatic tyre whilst trying to improve his son’s bike. Dunlop’s tyre, like Thomson’s, didn’t seem to sell at first - until a bike race in Belfast was won by a rider using his tyres. With that victory, people began to take notice of the pneumatic tyre. -
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The Tire
In 1895 the pneumatic tyre was first used on automobiles, by Andre and Edouard Michelin. It was also around this time that legislation was put into effect that discouraged the use of solid rubber tyres. All over the world companies sprang up to meet the new demand for the new tyres. The age of the pneumatic tyre has begun! -
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The Sonar
One of the earliest SONAR-like devices was invented by naval architect Lewis Nixon in 1906. SONAR is short for Sound Navigation And Ranging. SONAR is a tool that allows ships and other vessels to find and identify objects in the water through a system of sound pulses and echoes. -
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The Sonar
It was designed to detect icebergs underwater to help ships guide around them. This detection system became more important after the sinking of the Titanic in 1912.
But when World War I started in 1914, serious research into submarine detection became crucial.
In 1915, French physicist Paul Langevin worked with Russian engineer Constantin Chilowski to produce the first active SONAR device for detecting submarines. This technology continued to improve and was even more helpful by World War II. -
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The Tire
Tyres remained fundamentally unchanged throughout the 20’s and 30’s until Michelin introduced steel-belted radial tyres in 1948. This new type of pneumatic tyre meant that they would have a longer life thanks to ply cords that radiate from a 90-degree angle from the wheel rim. It also meant that the tyre had less rolling resistance – increasing the mileage of a vehicle. One drawback was that these tyres required a different suspension system on the vehicle. -
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The Microcontroller
In 1971, the very first microcontroller was invented by two engineers at Texas Instruments, according to the Smithsonian Institution.
The microcontroller was utilized internally at TI in its calculator products from 1972 until 1974, and then was refined over the years.
In 1974, TI proposed to sell the TMS 1000 for to the electronics industry. The TMS 1000 was available in diverse configurations of RAM and ROM dimensions.
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The Tire
There was a fuel crisis which increased the demanded for more economical cars. This led to the introduction of cars that could easily fit the high mileage radial tyres. By 1983 all new American cars came fitted with the radial tyres.