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McCulloch v Maryland
An important Supreme Court case supporting Federal Government. The government of Maryland intended to regulate its own banks and did not want competition from a national bank, imposed a tax on the second Bank's Baltimore Branch in an attempt to put that branch out of business. Congress has the authority to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" for the execution of congress powers. It gave congress the power to allow the establishment of Secondary national banks without being taxed. -
Gibbons v. Ogden
One of the most important parts of the constitution included in Article I, section 8, commerce clause in which congress is given the power to regulate trade among the states and with foreign countries, court had to decide who had the power to regulate navigation on interstate waterways. The constitution gave its power to congress and court ruled in Gibbons favor. -
Civil War
Northern States victory determined that the federal government was not a compact among sovereign states. The Civil War established the supremacy of the national government and put to rest the idea that a state could secede from the Union, but the war did not end the debate over the division of powers between the national government and the states. Dual federalism represented a revival of states rights following the expansion of national authority during the civil war. -
New Deal
President Franklin D. Roosevelt is New Deal was designed to improve conditions for people suffering in the Great Depression. The New Deal introduced major new laws regulating economic activity, such as the National Industrial Recovery Act. The NRA provided codes for every industry to restrict competition and regulate labor relations. Although the supreme court declared Roosevelt's legislation unconstitutional, the court reversed its position in the late 1930s. -
Civil Rights
The civil rights Acts gave the federal government more power by outlawing any form of discrimination based on race gender or religion. Civil rights gave more authority to federal government to ensure uniform civil rights for all actions. As before states rights were invoked to support the states quo states rights meant no action on civil rights and no increase in anticipating spending. -
Ronald Reagan
President Ronald Reagan was a strong advocate of New Federalism, but some of his policies withdrew certain financial support from the states. Reagan was successful in obtaining block grants, but Reagan's block grants. Under Reagan, revenue sharing was eliminated. -
No Child Left Behind Act
Promised billions of dollars to the states to bolster their education budgets. The funds would only be delivered, however, if states agreed to hold schools accountable to new federal achievement benchmarks on standardized tests designed by the federal government. ESSA focuses on incentivizing state action rather than punishing state inaction. -
Affordable Care Act
Requires individuals to have health insurance either through an employer or by purchasing it through the market. The government argues that health care falls under the heading of commerce because the health care law addresses a pressing national problem that is economic in nature. The supreme court upheld the law but did so under congress's taxing authority and not the commerce clause.
