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Corbin v. Pulaski, U. S, District Court, Eastern District of Virginia
Corbin filed this lawsuit in Virginia federal court with the intent to achieve an improved education environment for his son. This case became part of a movement of local class-action lawsuits orchestrated by Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund to equalize the public education of blacks. -
Carter v. School Board of Arlington County
Court case which challenged curriculum disparities under “separate but equal. -
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483
Originating in the states of Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and
Delaware, the Supreme Court held that the segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other tangible factors may be equal, deprives the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities, in contravention of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. -
Governor Orders Cosing of Schools
Governor J. Lindsay Almond Jr. orders white secondary schools in Norfolk to close to prevent desegregation. Both the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals and the U.S. District Court overturn the decision of Governor J. Lindsay Almond Jr. to close schools in Front Royal, Charlottesville, and Norfolk. -
Griffin v. County School Bd. of Prince Edward County, 377 U.S. 218
The Supreme Court held that the action of the County School Board in closing the public schools of Prince Edward County and meanwhile contributing to the support of private segregated white schools that took their place denied black school children equal protection of the laws. -
Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act becomes law, allowing the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to threaten southern localities with the loss of federal funding if they do not integrate their schools. -
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
Ruling: In three years of operation of the ‘freedom of choice’ plan, not a single white child had chosen to attend a former Negro public school and 85% of Negro children in system still attended that school, the plan did not constitute adequate compliance with school board's responsibility to achieve a system of determining admission to public schools on nonracial basis and board must formulate new plan and fashion steps promising realistically to convert promptly to a desegregated system. -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Bd. of Ed
The Court ruled that remedial plans were to be judged by their effectiveness, and the use of mathematical ratios or quotas were legitimate "starting points" for solutions, predominantly or exclusively black schools required close scrutiny by courts, non-contiguous attendance zones, as interim corrective measures, were within the courts' remedial powers, and no rigid guidelines could be established concerning busing of students to particular schools. -
Wright v. City of Emporia, 407 U.S. 451
The Emporia City Council sent a letter to the county Board of Supervisors announcing the city's intention to operate a separate school system. The Supreme Court held that city which had been part of county school system found in violation of the Constitution would not be permitted to establish a separate school system where the effect of so doing would be to impede the process of dismantling a dual system. -
RIDDICK v. SCHOOL BD. OF NORFOLK
Argument was the Proposed Plan was adopted, in large measure, to promote stability in the school system and thereby to ensure that the Norfolk school system remains as desegregated as possible over the long term. Rulings were that the School Board of the City of Norfolk has satisfied its affirmative duty to desegregate, that racial discrimination through official action has been eliminated from the system, and that the Norfolk School System is now "unitary," the Court doth accordingly.
