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Initial division of Italy (19th century)
Italy was divided into several states, including the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia under Austrian rule, the Duchies of Parma, Modena and Tuscany, and the Papal States. -
Risorgimento Movement (1820s - 1860s)
This movement sought the independence and unification of Italy under a single flag. It was key to the process of Italian unification. -
Key Figures (1820s - 1860s)
Among the most prominent figures in the unification process are Giuseppe Garibaldi, Camillo di Cavour, and King Victor Emmanuel II. -
Wars of Independence (1848 - 1866)
These wars against Austria were crucial for the unification. In 1866, Italy annexed Veneto and Mantua after the Third War of Independence. -
Cultural and Economic Impact (second half of the 19th century)
The unification transformed the political, economic, and cultural map of Italy. -
Expedition of the Thousand (1860)
Giuseppe Garibaldi led the Expedition of the Thousand, conquering the south of Italy and contributing significantly to the unification. -
Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy (March 17, 1861)
The Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed under the leadership of Victor Emmanuel II. -
Incorporation of Venice (1866)
After the Austro-Prussian War, Italy annexed Venice. -
Incorporation of Rome (1870)
Rome joined the Kingdom of Italy after the Franco-Prussian War, completing the unification. -
Historical legacy (late 19th century - present)
The Italian unification laid the foundations for the formation of a modern state and had a lasting impact on European history.