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Congress of Vienna
After the Napoleonic Wars, Italy was fragmented into several independent states, and the Congress of Vienna established a new European order. -
Early Nationalist Movements
During this decade (1830-1840), various uprisings occurred in Italy, inspired by romanticism and nationalism, with figures like Giuseppe Mazzini promoting the idea of a unified Italy. -
Revolutions in Italy
As part of the broader European revolutions of 1848, uprisings took place in several Italian states, but they were suppressed by conservative forces. -
Cavour Becomes Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia
Camillo di Cavour became the prime minister and began working towards the unification of Italy, using diplomacy and war to unite the Italian states. -
Second Italian war of Independence
Piedmont-Sardinia, with French support, defeated Austria in the Second Italian War of Independence, leading to the annexation of Lombardy and weakening Austrian influence in Italy. -
Expedition of the Thousand (Giuseppe Garibaldi)
Garibaldi and his followers (the "Red Shirts") conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in southern Italy and handed it over to Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia, allowing Piedmont to expand southward. -
Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed under the leadership of Victor Emmanuel II, who became the first king of a unified Italy, although the unification process was still not fully complete. -
Third Italian War of Independence
Italy allied with Prussia against Austria during the Austro-Prussian War. As a result, Italy acquired Venice, completing most of the territorial unification. -
Capture of Rome
During the Franco-Prussian War, French troops defending Rome withdrew, allowing Italian forces to enter the city and annex it. -
Rome Becomes the Capital of Italy
The Italian Parliament officially moved the capital from Florence to Rome, completing the unification of Italy.