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1500 BCE
Mayans (Caste System)
The Mayan tribe had many lifestyle traditions, one of them including how a persons lifestyle would turn out. The caste system was introduced in 37 B.C. a class structure that each individual is born into. Starting with Nobles, Merchants and lastly farmers/ slaves. -
Period: 1300 BCE to
Beginning of exploration
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1000 BCE
Bloodletting (Mesoamerica)
Bloodletting was the incision of an individuals body to release the blood of the persons. This activity was introduced greatly by the Mayans spanning over 3000 years but only becoming popular towards the nineteenth century.This method was used to prevent illness and disease. -
1095
The Crusades (Trade)
In addition to religiously fighting during the Crusades, trading was an important component as new goods and ideas were exchanged. They came learn more about advanced mathematics and the 'Numeral system'. -
1345
The Black Death (death)
Because of the trading market taking place, The Black Death had then spread from Asia and Europe. The Black Death was an infection that spread and killed majority of the population. About 40 to 50% of the Europeans died. -
1430
The Dark Ages (Catholic Church)
During the high of "Middle Ages" the roman catholic church became organized into an elaborate hierarchy with the pope as the head in Western Europe and would then establish a supreme power against the people. -
1450
Triangular Trade
During the 16th century, the exchange of manufactured goods, Slaves and raw materials were trades between the west coast of Africa, The New World and Great Britain. This was better known as the 'Triangular Trade'. -
Apr 15, 1452
The Renaissance (Leonardo DaVinci)
Leonardo Da Vinci, one of the most famous polymath during the renaissance era, was a very talented artist whom created many famous art pieces such as the "Mona Lisa" and many others. -
Period: 1492 to
COLONIAL AMERICA
The early beginning of the Americas to which The British Colonization came to the New World for varies of reasons, we learn about what they've accomplished and events that took place during the Colonial Americas Era. -
Aug 13, 1521
Conquest of the World (Aztecs)
The conquest of Aztecs began when the Spanish campaign declared victory when a coalition army of Spanish Forces and Native warriors led by Cortes had captured the Emperor 'Cuahtemoc and Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire. -
1564
Calvinist
Calvinism was a movement within orthodox Protestantism that was created by of course, John Calvin by doctrines and teachings from John Calvin himself or his followers. Calvinism later became a major branch of the Protestantism that follows the theological tradition of christian practice. John Calvin and his followers will eventually break away from the catholic church in the 16th century. -
Anne Hutchinson (New England colonies)
Anne Hutchinson was born in 1591 in England whom later fled for the New world and followed John Cotton who's headed to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Hutchinson, who was a puritan, later became a religious leader who spread her own interpretations of the bible and Midwife. Anne was then tried by General Court for spreading her interpretations for it being against the governing ministers. she was then plead guilty of Heresy and banished from the colony. She was later killed in 1643 by Natives. -
Slavery (Lower South)
Slavery in the southern colonies more preferably the lower south from the time of the first European settlements. Due to the climate and nutrient filled- soil, the South was eligible for the planting of labor intensive crops such as the main crop rice and many others like cotton and sugar. Due to the profitable labor system, slaves were treated harshly, the further south of America. -
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English Colonial Societies
The British colonization of the Americas began in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia and reached its peak when colonies had been established throughout the Americas. The British were among the most important colonizers of the Americas. -
Tabacco
In early colonization, a colonist by the name of John Rolfe from Jamestown, first grew tobacco in America. After this, Tobacco will soon create a economic booming in the Virginia colony and will then become a cash crop in trading. Overtime the tobacco booming will push colonist to expand their territory for more plantation space. the need for land land made Europeans move away inwardly from the European settlement. By 1616 tobacco grew profitless to overproduction. -
Headright System
The Headright system was created in 1618 in Jamestown, Virginia and was used as a way to attract new settlers to the New World and help reduce the shortage of manual labor. To those that would pay to come their way to the region, were guaranteed 50 acres of land. -
Squanto (New england colonies)
To many, we know him as "Squanto" but Tisquantum was a Patuxet Native North American that was born around the areas 1574 -1594 in Plymouth Massachusetts. He acted as a translator, guider and adviser during the time he lived with the colonist. He also showed the New England settlers how to plant and fertilize crops with dead fish and introduced them into fur trade. Soon after, Squanto died of a fever and was pronounced dead late November 1622 in Chatham Massachusetts. -
colonial Economies (New England)
The New England colonies (Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut and Maine) were affected by the geography and climate differently than the other colonies. Due to this, it impacted the trade and economic activities of New England Colonies by creating the towns along the coast and made their living off of fish, whaling, shipbuilding and trading goods such as livestock,whiskey, syrup etc. -
Slave Codes
Slaves codes were state laws that were established to determine the status of slaves and the rights of their owners. Slave codes placed incredibly harsh restrictions on slaves' that were already limited to freedom to prevent rebellion or escape. This gave slave owners absolute power over their slaves. The use of slave codes began in 1667 in the tobacco colonies such as Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina etc. But eventually they will be repealed in 1866 -
The Enlightenment
This was the period in history where of Western thought and culture. It had characterized dramatic revolutions in science, philosophy, society and politics. Some important individuals during this time include Sir Isaac Newton, Benjamin Franklin and John Locke. -
Quakers (Proprietary Colonies)
The Quakers colony were always looked upon as a peculiar religion in Europe and were persecuted because of the disliking many had against the Quakers. Many then fled from Europe and arrived to the New World as a safe haven. William Penn, was the creator of the first permanent colony for the Quakers and looked upon as their "leader". Their first settlement was in Salem, New Jersey in 1675 . -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials began during the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. The first to be convicted a witch was Bridget Bishop, who was found guilty and hanged. This also included 150 more men, women and children being accused for the same conviction. These accusations went on for several months as a wave a hysteria hit and spread throughout colonial Massachusetts. -
Slave Rebellion (Slavery)
Because of being pushed from being mistreated from their 'masters', slaves formed an armed rebellion group and planned an uprising against their masters. This was practiced in every place that had slaves and is considered one of the most feared event to happen in the South. The Rebel slaves biggest victory was the 'Nat Turner Rebellion', to which rebel slaves killed approximately 55 to 65 people. -
The Great Awakening
The Great awakening was a protestant revival that swept protestant Europe and British America. The great awakening was sparked by the tour of an English evangelical minister named George Whitefield. -
Stamp Act
Th Stamp act was a tariff that was passed by the British Parliament in 1756 that raised tension from the American Colonies. In order of the Stamp act, the tariff had required a small tax on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents such as newspapers, licenses and etc. Because of the opposition of the Colonies, it resulted in the repeal of the act in 1766. -
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THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR
The Revolutionary War was the time period for The U.S war of independence. the conflict arose from heated tensions between residents of the thirteen colonies in North America and the colonial government which at the time, represented Britain's crown. Conflict between British troops and colonials begin with the many tariffs, arguments and mobs that lead to violent outbreaks. -
Treaty of Paris (1763) (colonial Am.)
The treaty of Paris of 1763 was the reason for ending 'The French and Indian War' between Great Britain and France, along with their allies. Due to the treaty, France gave up all of its territories in mainland North America. -
Boston Massacre
The outbreak of the Boston Massacre first began when a group of British soldiers were being harassed by a clan of colonist who throwing snowballs and began to rile up a mob. The Red Coat soldiers who were station in Boston, Massachusetts opened fire at the crowd and caused chaos. After shots were fired, approximately five townspeople were killed and infuriated the locals in Boston. -
Boston Tea Party
In response to the British Parliament that had then, passed the Tea Act in 1773. Charleston, New York and Philadelphia rejected tea shipments and merchants refused to concede the patriot pressure. On December 16th of 1773 Samuel Adams and fellow members of the Sons of Liberty dressed as Native Americans and boarded three ships in the Boston Harbor and threw 342 chest of Tea Overboard. The act would then result in a new law called The Coercive Acts in 1774 -
Common Sense
The Common Sense document, Thomas Paine argues for Americas independence from Great Britain. It is viewed as one of the most influential pamphlets in American history. In the 49 page pamphlet, He challenges the authority of the British government and the royalty monarchy. The importance of the pamphlet caused the American colonist to grow aggravated with how they were being treated and later, decided to push further to fight for the 13 colonies' independence. -
Declaration Of Independence
The declaration is a statement that was adopted by the second continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House and is defined as the formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the Thirteen American Colonies from Great Britain. The significance that the document will bring is -
Battle of Saratoga
The Battle of Saratoga was the overall turning point of the Revolutionary War. From September 19 and October 7, 1777 it gave decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the Revolutionary War. British and their allied troops surrendered their arms. General John Burgoyne (the general) had lost 86 percent of his expeditionary force that had triumphantly marched into New York from Canada in the early summer of 1777. -
Articles of Confederation
The Article Confederation was the first written constitution of the united states and created the first real American government formed by the second continental congress in 1777. It began as a weak government that didn't have the power to create tariffs. But eventually, it will be the first agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution. The Articles of Confederation was ratified March 1, 1781 but was created in November 15, 1777 -
Anti-federalist
the Anti-federalist were a diverse clan of people who opposed ratification of the Constitution. Although they were less well organized than the Federalists, they also had an impressive group of leaders who were especially prominent in state politics. These leaders would include James Winthrop and Melancton Smith. Anti federalists believed that the proposed Constitution threatened to lead the United States down an all-too-familiar road of political corruption. -
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THE CONSTITUTION
During the Constitutional Era, United states had attempted twice to establish a manageable strong national government that would be influenced upon the republican principles. After many failed attempts to try and establish a grand Government. we finally became successful as we went through with the Constitutional Convention -
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NEW REPUBLIC ERA
The New republic era would be the beginning to a newer and more advanced republic than it once was. Their will be a numeral doctrines, treaty's and acts that will be passed during this time period along with conflicts -
Treaty of Paris 1783 (Rev. war)
The Treaty of Paris of 1783 was negotiated between the United States and Great Britain, this event had ended the revolutionary war and recognized American independence. The Continental Congress had named a five-member commission to negotiate a treaty. This commission included John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Laurens. -
Winfield Scott
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Shay's Rebellion
Shays’ Rebellion was a series of protests in 1786 and 1787 by angry American farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt. Although farmers took up arms in states from New Hampshire to South Carolina, the rebellion was the most critical in Massachusetts, where bad harvests, economic depression, and high taxes threatened farmers with the loss of their farms. -
Three Branches (of government)
The three branches of the federal government includes the executive branch, which is the branch that enforces laws such as the President and the police. The Legislative branch is the branch that makes the laws such as congress, House of Representatives and the Senate. Lastly, the Judicial branch is the one in which they interpret laws and can check and balance each other out, examples of this (judges, courts) -
New Jersey Plan
The New Jersey plan, also known as the small state plan was the proposal for the structure of the United States which was presented by William Paterson at the constitutional Convention. The plan was created in response to the Virginia Plan, which called for two houses of Congress, both elected with apportionment according to population.The less populous states opposed to giving most control of the national government to the more populous states to which an alternative plan needed to be created. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was adopted in July 13, 1787, by the Second Continental Congress, which chartered a government for the Northwest Territory and provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory it also listed a bill of rights which would be guaranteed in the territory. The principles were outlined by Thomas Jefferson in the Ordinance of 1784 and the authors of the Northwest Ordinance created a plan that was used as the country expanded to the Pacific. -
Federalist
Federalist were members of a major political party in the early years of the Americas and were the party whom supported the ratification of the constitutional and a strong national government. They held power 1789 to 1801 during the rise of the country's' political party system. Hamilton and other proponents such as John Jay and James Madison of a strong government formed by the Federalist party in 1791. -
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights was the first 10 amendments to the Constitution which outline citizens rights and freedoms and make up the Bill of Rights. It was written by James Madison in response to calls from several states for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties. The Bill of Rights lists specific prohibitions on governmental power. A strong influencer on Madison to write out the amendment was George Mason, whom made the Virginia declaration Acts. -
Bank of United States
The Bank of the United States was established in 1791 to serve as a repository for federal funds for over twenty years .The Second Bank was formed five years later, bringing more controversy despite the U.S. Supreme Court’s support of its power. President Andrew Jackson removed all federal funds from the bank after his reelection in 1832, and it ceased operations as a national institution after its charter expired in 1836. -
Cotton Gin
The cotton gin was a machine that was invented to which, would quickly and easily separate cotton figures from the seeds of the flower which would allow easier and greater productivity than manual cotton separation which took a greater amount of time. The machinery was used majorly in the south became very successful. The invention was created by Eli Whitney in 1793 but the patent was officially granted in 1794. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was an effect towards the Whiskey Tax in which was enforced during George Washington's presidency and Alexander Hamilton as secretary. The Tax was imposed on the cash product due to national debt from the Revolutionary War which Washington thought would help try and centralize financial problems. Farmers felt the tax was an abuse of authority targeting the crops such as corn and grain to earn a profit. This of course angered farmers creating chaos and threats exchanged. -
Jays Treaty
Jays Treaty was a treaty between United States and Great Britain that had averted war and resolved post-war tension that had remained since the Treaty of Paris of 1783 ending the revolutionary war. The Treaty was created by Alexander Hamilton and was negotiated by John Jay whom had gained many of the primary goals United States had wanted. Jays treaty was signed as of November 19, 1794 but wasn't effective until February 291796. -
Pickney's Treaty
Pickney's treaty was a negotiation between Spain and U.S where Spain viewed Americas Southern Boundary which was signed in Madrid, Spain. This generously allowed free navigation of the Mississippi River to American ships for trading purposes. The outcome of the treaty establishes intentions of friendships between the United States and Spain. This also guaranteed the united states The Navigation Rights on the Mississippi river. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Alien and sedition acts were four bills (laws) that were passed to limit the power of the opposition Republican Party by the Federalist and signed into law by President John Adams. The four laws included were new powers which made it harder for immigrants to become part of the nation. It was also try to deport foreigners (immigrants) as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote. -
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THE AGE JEFFERSON
In the age of Jefferson era, Jefferson's presidency took a toll on United States creating a drastic change. The age will hold many Acts, battles, blockade, explorations and treaty's. As this happens we will see a change in America as we know, showing how economically and socially it had advanced and at times, plumage's. -
Louisiana Purchase
During Jefferson's presidency, He wanted a nation of farmers United States purchased approximately 827,000 square miles of territory from France for less than 3 cents an acre. This will equalize to about 15 million dollars, which would double the size of the United States. The Louisiana Territory stretched from the Mississippi River in the east, to the Rocky Mountains in the west. -
Marbury vs. Madison
In the Marbury vs. Madison case, President John Adams had issued William Marbury a commission as justice of the peace, James Madison, refused to deliver it. Marbury then sued Madison to obtain it. With his decision in Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall established the principle of judicial review, an important addition to the system of “checks and balances” was created to prevent any branch of the Federal Government from becoming too powerful. -
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Westward Expansion
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Embargo Act
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law passed by the United State Congress and signed by President Thomas Jefferson on December 22, 1807. It was an attempt by President Thomas Jefferson and the U.S. Congress to punish Britain and France for interfering with the American trade while the two major European powers were at war with each other. But in the end, it backfires and actually ends up hurting the United States more. -
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a war between United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and their allies due to Great Britain violating the United States Maritime Rights. The tensions that had caused the War of 1812 came upon from the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. The tension had lasted more than two years and settled many of the issues that were not resolved in the American War of Independence. -
Waltham System
The Waltham-Lowell system was a labor and production
industrial factory that employed young girls and women that were single in the United States, particularly in the New England colonies from the surrounding area to work the machines at Waltham. The girls lived in the company boarding houses and were subject to strict codes of conduct and supervised by the older generation of women. They worked about an average 80 hours per week. -
Battle of New Orleans
After officially ending the War of 1812 with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, U.S., General Andrew Jackson who later becomes the 7th president, achieves the greatest American victory of the war at the Battle of New Orleans. Jackson launched a spoiling attack on the British camp while they slept. Although the British successfully fought off the American advance, the strategy shocked the British and left 46 of them dead. -
Fredrick Douglas
Fredrick Douglas was considered the greatest abolitionist of them all. He was born a slave in Maryland Douglass escaped to Massachusetts in 1838. he later became an outspoken leader of antislavery sentiment and spent 2 years lecturing in England. When he returned to the US in 1847, he bought his freedom and founded the antislavery newspaper which was known for his autobiography. All Douglas wanted in general was the demanding of freedom and social and economic equality to all. -
Panic of 1819
The Panic of 1819 and the Banking Crisis of 1819, this caused an economic crises in the United States of America which was principally caused by the end of years of warfare between France and Great Britain. This caused second bank of the united states fuel economic expansions, Agriculture prices and banks to collapse. The outcome was drastic overall and the worst economy downfall ever recorded in American History -
Temperence Movement
The Temperance movement began in the early 19th century and was an organized effort during the nineteenth century to limit or outlaw the consumption and production of alcoholic beverages in the United States. The movement's ranks were mostly filled by women with their children who had learned the effects of unbridled drinking by many of their menfolk. Alcohol was mostly blamed for many of society's feature, following severe health problems, destitution and crime. -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was an effort by Congress to calm the rivalries between sectional and political which were triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state which slavery would be permitted. The United States only had twenty-two states so far and were evenly divided between slave and free. Admission of Missouri as a slave state mess up the balance. They soon came up with the 36,30 latitude meaning anything above the line, were non slave states. -
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CULTURAL CHANGES
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THE AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
the American Industrial revolution took place over more than a century ago, this was the era where production of goods moved from homes to businesses. Products were generally handmade but as the rise of machinery took place, there were major changes in manufacturing by creating mass production for a cheaper cost to which people could afford. Also, communications, economically and socially. This would transform the lives of Americans drastically. -
Monroe Doctrine
the Monroe Doctrine, was was a articulated document written by the fifth president, created the seventh annual message to congress. The document warns European nations that the United States under no circumstances will tolerate colonization and/or puppet monarch and no interference with Latin America because of U.S wanting to influence South America. -
Election of 1824
The United States presidential election of 1824, John Quincy, whom was a Democratic-Republican, was elected by the House of Representatives after Andrew Jackson won the most popular and electoral votes but failed to receive a majority vote. This election is know for being the only time since the Twelfth Amendment in which the presidential election was decided by the House of Representatives, no candidate had received the majority of the electoral vote. -
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AGE OF JACKSON
The age of Jackson is the era to whom, Andrew Jackson's Presidency will take place and create a change in United States. -
Inauguration Party
The first inauguration of Andrew Jackson as the seventh president was held at the White House in Washington D.C on March 4, 1829. Jackson's' arrival to the White House from Nashville, Tennessee would be greeted to the massive crowds that waited to greet the president-elect. Approximately over twenty thousand people arrived in town for the ceremony starting as a nice inauguration party, to a rambunctious mob scene. -
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson was a famous political figure during the 1820s to the 1830s. After running for president and losing to John Quincy Adams in the 1824 presidential election, Jackson returned four years later to declare redemption and triumphantly defeated Adams. He then later became the America's seventh president from 1829 to 1837. As America’s political party system developed, Jackson became the leader of the new Democratic Party and made clear decisions to help the common men. -
Lower South (slavery)
Slavery in the Lower South was ideal for the plantation of cotton due to the perfect temperature and climate all year around. The lower states included Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Texas etc. The soil was rich and dark and eventually cultivation spread west which would lead to financially advancements in the plantation being made. These plantations included other crops like sugar and rice. -
Abolitionist
The Abolitionist in the United States of America were against discrimination and the keeping of slaves. They later put an effort to end slavery in a nation that valued personal freedom and believed “all men are created equal.” Over time, abolitionists grew more strident in their demands, and slave owners entrenched in response, fueling regional divisiveness that ultimately led to the American Civil War. -
Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, poet, critic and editor but is widely known for writing horrendous stories that embraced a great amount of sadness and dark details that capture the imagination and interest of readers from across the globe. Many of Poe’s works, including “The Tell-Tale Heart” and many others became literary classics. Some aspects of Poe’s life, is still a mystery, and the lines between fact and fiction are still a mystery even after his death in 1849. -
John Calhoun
John Calhoun was born in 1782 and was widely known for being the leading southern politician of the early nineteenth century. served as vice president in 1828 under Andrew Jackson and then was elected senator in 1832 from South Carolina. Calhoun was pro slavery and states' rights. He later died in Washington D.C in 1850. -
Mormons
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints which would also be predominately known as 'Mormons' was started by Joseph Smith in 1830 in New York. Later, members of this church would gather in Nauvoo, Illinois and practice their religion. Most people disliked the Mormons beliefs and practices and would persecute and discriminate against members of this church. The Mormons grew tired of the disrespectful acts and migrated west of United States. -
Nat Turners rebellion
The Nat turner rebellion was a slave rebellion that caused chaos in Southampton County, VA. Due to turners heavily religious influence and being a preacher and the leader on Benjamin Turners Plantation in the neighborhood. Turner believed that he was the chosen one to defeat the evil in the south. (slavery). He then created a plan to which Turner and his followers of about 75 other slaves scattered across the land and began their killing of white families to which he was later hanged for. -
Nullification Crisis
The Nullification was a political crisis that began during Presidency of Andrew Jackson which involved a confrontation between South Carolina and the federal Government. It arose after S.C declared federal tariffs to be viewed as "unconstitutional'. The U.S. suffered an economic downturn throughout the 1820s, and South Carolina was particularly affected. The crisis will eventually end when Henry Clay reaches a deal. -
American Anti-Slavery system
The American Anti-Slavery Society was one of the most prominent abolitionist organizations in the United States of America during the early nineteenth century (around 1833). The group, which was created by Theodore Weld and a few others in his clan, hoped to convince both white Southerners and Northerners of slavery's inhumanity. The organization sent lecturers across the North to convince people of slavery's brutality. -
Whig Party
Political opponents of President Andrew Jackson organized a new party to compete with the 'Jacksonian Democrats'. The more prominent leader of the brand new political party was Henry Clay. The Whigs party supported the supremacy of Congress over the Presidency and also favored modernization, banking and economic protectionism to stimulate manufacturing. the party had favored to entrepreneurs, planters, reformers but had little appeal to farmers or unskilled workers. -
Telegraph
The telegraph was the first revolutionized long-distance communication. it worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. These telegraphs would be the first machinery that would pass communication at a fast rate. The telegraph was also help invented my Samuel Morse who developed a code that has assigned set of dots and dashes to translate back into the English alphabet . these were used primarily in the Northern states. -
Battle of San Jacinto
The Battle of San Jacinto was On April 21, 1836, Sam Houston and some 800 Texans defeated Santa Anna’s Mexican force of approximately 1,500 men at the Battle of San Jacinto. the Texan Army engaged and defeated General Santa Anna's Mexican army in a fight that lasted just twenty minutes. Santa Anna was captured the following day and held as a prisoner of war. He later signed the peace treaty that dictated the Mexican army would leave the region. -
Stephen F. Austin
Stephen F. Austin was born in 1793 and was known as an American empresario who was called the "Father of Texas" and founder of Texas. Austin led the second and the most successful colonization of the region and traveled to San Antonio to petition for a land grant, and in 1821 he received approval to settle 300 American families on 200,000 acres. He later died in 1836 -
Trail Of Tears
The Trail of Tears was a series of forced removals of the Native Americans from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States as part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, they were forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. The Cherokee called this the trail of tears because of its devastating effects. Many of the migrants came face to face with Hunger, disease and exhaustion. Over 4,000 out of 15,000 died. -
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THE CIVIL WAR
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Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was the American expansion that the United States were completely destined to stretch from coast to coast. Americans believed that the expansion of the united states was both justified and inevitable. This attitude would helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico. -
popular sovereignty
Popular sovereignty is the will of peoples' rule and is part of the seven principles. The authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives, they are supposed to be the source of all political power. it was first used by presidential candidate and Michigan senator Lewis Cass in 1847. -
Free soil party
The main purpose of the free soil party was to oppose the expansion of slavery into the western territories. They argued that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery. The Compromise of 1850 reduced tensions regarding slavery, but some still decided to remain in the party. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The Seneca Falls Convention took place in Seneca Falls, N.Y. which was a woman’s rights convention. This happened to be the first ever held in the United States with almost 200 women in attendance. The convention was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Stanton. Not only did women show up to this convention, it was a mixture of both men and women that wanted to secure the rights in economics and voting. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Mexican army and the fall of Mexico City Santa Ana surrender and peace negotiations began. The war ended with the February 2, 1848, signing in Mexico of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes either all or partially Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. Mexico also gave up claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as America’s southern boundary. -
California Gold Rush
During the California gold rush, the news spread of the discovery of gold. After news was heard, thousands of gold miners traveled by sea or over land to San Francisco and the surrounding areas. This brought over 300,000 people to California from across America. By the end of 1849, A total of 2 billion worth of gold was found from the area during the gold rush. -
George McClellan
George McClellan was a major general during the American Civil War. Nicknamed "Young Napoleon". He was the commander of Army of the Potomac which was the Union’s largest army. He fought as general-in-chief of the Union Army until being removed by Abraham Lincoln in 1862. -
Winfield Scott
Winfield Scott was born in 1786 and was a United States Army general and the unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852. He was an American army officer who held the rank of general in three wars. He was the foremost American military figure between the Revolution and the Civil War. Scott eventually passes in 1866 -
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Sectionalism
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Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 was a series of laws passed by the U.S. Congress. The compromise was created when new land was added to the United States after they defeated Santa Ana in the Mexican War. The northern free states and the southern slave states argued over whether the new land would allow slavery or not. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by the U.S. Congress which allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to deny the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which would prohibit slavery north of the latitude 36°30´. -
Industrialization
Industrialization is the process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production, and craftsmen are replaced by assembly lines. Industrialization in the north mainly started to produce during the civil war era. -
Dred Scott vs. Sandford
The Dred Scott case before the court was that of Dred Scott vs. Sanford. Dred Scott was a slave who had lived in the free state of Illinois and the free territory of Wisconsin before moving back to the slave state of Missouri. They had appealed to the Supreme Court in hopes of being granted his freedom but was denied. -
Tenant Farmers
A tenant farmer is one who resides on land owned by a landlord. Tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of management. While tenant farmers contribute their labor along with at times varying amounts of capital and management. Depending on the contract they both contributed to, tenants can make payments to the owner either of a fixed portion of the product, in cash or in a combination. -
Twenty Negro Law
The Negro Law was also known as the Twenty Slave law is was a piece of legislation enacted by the confederate Congress during the American Civil War. The law exempted from confederate military service. The law specifically exempted from Confederate military service one white man for every twenty slaves owned on a Confederate plantation, or for two or more plantations within five miles of each other that collectively had twenty or more slaves. -
Battle of Antietam
The Battle of Antietam, also called the Battle of Sharpsburg, occurred September 22, 1862, at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland. it was Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia against Union General George McClellan’s Army of the Potomac and was the climax of Lee’s attempt to invade the north. The battle’s outcome would be very vital to shaping America’s future. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Issued after the Union victory at Antietam, the Emancipation Proclamation had both moral and strategic implications for the ongoing Civil War. As of January 1, 1863, all slaves in the rebellious states would be forever free. But, the Emancipation Proclamation did not free a single slave, it was only an important turning point in the war. It transformed the fight to preserve the nation into a battle for human freedom. -
Wade-Davis Bill
The Wade-Davis Bill required that 50 percent of a state’s white males take a loyalty oath to be readmitted to the Union. In addition, states were required to give blacks the right to vote.was also important for national and congressional power. Although federally imposed conditions of reconstruction retrospectively seem logical, there was a major widespread belief that southern Unionism would return the seceded states to the Union even after the South's military power was broken. -
Freedmans Bureau
The Freedman's Bureau helped former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War. Around 4 million slaves gained their freedom as a result of the Union victory in the war, which left many communities in ruins and destroyed the South’s plantation-based economy. The Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, housing and medical aid, established schools and offered legal assistance. -
13th Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment was an amendment to the United States Constitution that would change the basic and most important laws that govern the United States. It abolished slavery in the United States and was passed in December 6, of 1865 at the end of the Civil War. -
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RECONSTRUCTION
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Assassination (of Abraham Lincoln)
John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor and who was Pro-Confederate, assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C. The attack came only five days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his massive army at the Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the American Civil War. -
KKK (ku klux klan)
The Ku Klux Klan is group of Confederate veterans convenes to form a secret society that they christen the "KKK". The KKK progressively grew from a secret social fraternity to a paramilitary force bent on reversing the federal government’s progressive Reconstruction Era-activities in the South, most primarily the policies that elevated the rights of the local African American population. -
Spoils System
The Spoil System first began in 1870 during the presidency of Andrew Jackson whom took office in March of 1829. It was the practice of hiring and firing federal workers when presidential administrations changed during the nineteenth century. Many of Jackson's supporters viewed this as method as a very necessary and overdue effort at attempting to reform the federal government. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a network of individuals, whom many were fugitive slaves but also consisted of any individuals in escape to The North and to Canada. It offered shelter and aid to the escaped slaves. It moved approximately over 100,000 slaves between the years 1810-1850 -
Robert E. Lee
Robert Edward Lee was born in 1807 in Virginia, Lee came to military prominence during the U.S. Civil War, he was viewed as a heroic figure in the American South. Lee was more acknowledge as a commander of the Confederate States Army in Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865. He later died in 1870 due to pneumonia. -
Panic! of 1873
The Panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that triggered a depression in Europe and North America that lasted from 1873 until 1879, and even longer in some countries. It wasn't primarily as bad as the Panic of 1819. But the depression had several underlying causes such as the banks plunging to crisis and debt. -
Rutherford B Hayes
Rutherford Hayes was the 19th President of the United States from 1877-1881, Rutherford B. Hayes had oversaw the end of the Reconstruction and began the efforts that led to civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War. Hayes had served a single term, as he had promised in his inaugural address. -
Clara Barton
Clara Barton was a pioneering nurse who was the founder the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse in the American Civil War, a teacher, and patent clerk. Nursing education was not very formalized at that time and Clara did not attend nursing school, so she provided self-taught nursing care. -
Jim Crow
The Jim Crow laws were a codified system of racial departures from whites and blacks that dominated the American South for three quarters of a century beginning in the 1890s. The laws affected almost every aspect of daily life such as mandating segregation of schools, parks, libraries, drinking fountains, restrooms, buses, trains, and restaurants. Black american citizens had received the separate but equal treatment from beneath the law and were considered "below the whites"
