-
40,000 BCE
Bering Land Bridge
They were Europeans and they believed they had bounced along the coast. It was controversial on whether it had happened 27,000 or 40,000 years ago. Glaciers were introduced during this time. -
1200 BCE
The Olmecs
earliest known major civilization in mexico. lived in tropical lowlands of south mexico. Olmec population flourished during Mesoamerica formative period. the Olmec heartland is located within the area of where it had begun to expand after early development soconusco. beginnings of civilization have been dated from 1400 to 1200 BCE -
400 BCE
The Dark Ages
referring to the middle ages, which then follows the decline of the roman empire. This time can be referred by light vs darkness in which darkness and light are contrasted with both early and later periods. the term is followed by negative connotations. further accomplishments throughout history led to the dark ages being categorized to the 5th-10th century. -
750
Pueblo Adobe Houses
was believed that members of the tribe lived in roomblocks for at least part of the year. roomblocks were traditionally made out of Jacal. for large ceremonies, people would gather within great kivas, which were built to hold a large number of people. -
Mar 4, 1394
Henry the Navigator
known as the main administrator of the age of discoveries. third son from his father king john I. gained appointment as the grand master of the military order of Christ. Henry sponsored voyages while collecting a 20% tax rebate. held his position the remainder of his life. for the latter part of his life, Henry concentrated on maritime activities. -
Period: Jan 1, 1401 to Dec 31, 1500
Triangular Trade Establishment
became one of the biggest trade routes. operated during 16th and 19th century England. carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured good between west Africa. -
1428
The Aztecs
Had the largest population of 200 million. They were known as the most European city- Tenochtitlan. Very materialistic culture. Established an advanced irrigation system. Formed their own written language. The civilization was ruled by warriors-nobles and priests. -
1492
Columbian Exchange
known as a period of both cultural and biological exchanges between the new and old world. plants, animals, diseases and technology were all exchanged in order for both sides to receive benefits as well as consequences. skyrocketing advances in agricultural production, evolution of warfare, and increased mortality rates are just a few effects of the exchange. -
1500
Triangular Trade
a historical term indicating trade among 3 important ports or region. provides and simple and effective with providing a method for rectifying trade imbalances between the regions. theoretically these routes were also shaped by the controlling the influence of the winds and currents during the age of sail. better known as the best-known triangular trade system in the transatlantic slave trade. -
Period: 1500 to
Colonial America
Covers the entire history of European settlements ranging from the start of civilization to their early corporation into the united states. -
1534
Jacques Cartier
King Frances I was the one who authorized Cartier permission to travel a voyage to the new world in search of riches. prior to his three voyages to the new world, cartier had already created a name for himself in navigating. cartier was also credited with giving canada its name. final voyage was in 1541. he died on september 1, 1557 during an epidemic. -
Period: to
Early Colonial America
Begins with Jamestown, where many of the first people who settled in the new world came to escape religious persecution. -
Founding of Jamestown
Three ships were involved. The Susan Constant, The Godspeed, and The Discovery. Founded by Englishmen looking for riches to take back home. Jamestown was named after their king James I. -
Mayflower
an english ship that transported the pilgrims to the new world. over 102 passengers and crew count is unknown but estimated to over 30. it is currently unknown as to where the ship was built. over 11 years prior to the pilgrims voyage captain jones became the owner of the ship. over 26 vessels have shared the same name. boat left early september. on november 9, 1620 they spotted present day cope cod. -
James II
the second surviving son of Charles I, best known most frequently for his struggles with the English parliament and his strategic attempts to create a sort of religious liberty for current English roman Catholics. the disputes with parliament led to English civil war. had accompany of his father at the battle of edge hill, in where he narrowly escape the parliaments army. when Charles was executed, his older brother Charles II became the new king. -
Causes of the Salem witch trials
In total, there are over 5 reasons as to why the Salem witch trials have happened. The most common reason is maybe the girls within the village were just bored, seeing as though there was nothing for the girls to do within the village. The others follow as strong belief in the occult, Disputes, Rivalries, and Personal Differences, Cold Weather Theory, and finally Ergot Poisoning. -
Results of the salem witch trials
as the year went on, the whole hype to the witch trials began to die down. once the governor found out that his beloved wife was then accused of witchcraft, he forced the trials to end at that point. however over 20 people were burned at he stake, along with 2 dogs. one lasting effect of the witch trials was the splitting apart of families and the continuous difficulties of the accused families. -
Johnathan Edwards
best known as an american revivalist preacher, philosopher, and congregationalist protestant theologian. he held onto the reformed theologian. distinguished himself and his followers from other congregationalist and renamed themselves "new lights" as opposed to the "old lights." throughout the centuries, Edwards is regarded as one of Americas most important and original philosophical theologians. -
Chesapeake Colonies
known as the colony and dominion of virginia. chesapeakes economy was solely based on one cash crap which was tobacco. this benefited the slave economy greatly and its necessity. tobacco however, ruined soil the land and made land that much more important. -
Charter Colonies
the charter colonies located in new England were Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode island. by 1763 most colonies surrendered their colonies and became royal colonies. Maryland,Delaware, and Pennsylvania remained proprietary colonies under a charter. -
Quakers
members of a historically christian group of religious movements most likely known as the religious society of friends. a bout 79% of all quakers belonged evangelical and programmed branches of quakerism. around 11% practiced waiting worship or programmed styles. first quakers lived in mid 17th century england. -
French & Indian War
lasted from 1756 to 1763 thus forming a chapter in the imperial struggle between Britain and France. in the early 1750's, Frances expansion into Ohio river valley repeatedly brought it into conflict with the claims of the British colonies, especially Virginia. the tide however was turned in 1757, because William Pitt, their current leader, saw the colonial conflicts as the key to beginning to build a vast British empire. -
The Enlightenment
The enlightenment was influenced by several individuals such as the founding fathers who were either atheist or deist. The Age of Enlightenment educated populace, religion was less important in this period. This was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
the conflict arose from growing tensions between the residents of great Britian's north american colonies and the colonial government which then had represented the British crown. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston massacre was the deliberate killing of five colonists by the British soldiers on march 5th, 1770. However, it did not receive its "massacre" name until several years later in 1773. Which was then given by Paul revere in a published piece of his. Many speculations and myths have been made since then on what caused paul to make it seem bloodier then the actual battle was. -
Boston Tea Party
this famed act was seen as a protest to taxes. Due to British wanting to benefit the East India Company, the British established and repealed several tax acts in order to include the colonists within their debt. on the night of December 16th, 1773, Samuel Adams and the suns of liberty, dressed as drunk Indians, boarded British ships and threw over 342 crates of tea into the Boston Harbor. quickly resulting in the punishing by the coercive acts, established and later repealed by the British. -
Salutary Neglect
best known as a history term which refers to the 17th and 18th century British crown made of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant for american colonies whom were obedient to England. the end of this neglect became a large contributing factor to the revolutionary war. since the imperial power was lacking, the colonists and their loyalists were forced to begin to govern themselves. the colonists then began to become accustomed to the idea of self control. -
Paul Revere
an american silversmith, engraver, early industrialist, and american patriot in the american revolution. by the age of 41, revere became an aspiring silversmith, when British armies ere seen as a threat, Joseph warren sent revere to warn the Massachusetts provincial province. one week later, General Gage received instruction to disarm the rebels. riding throughout present day Somerville, med-ford, and Arlington, revere warned all of the patriots along her way. -
Battle Of Bunker Hill
The British defeated the Americans within the battle of bunker hill. Despite being beaten, the Americans still inflicted significant casualties against their enemy, Although it is best known as the Battle Of Bunker Hill, most of the actual fighting was taken place onto Breed's Hill. Resulting in the end of the battle, several pieces of land then fell into the control and property of the British. The significance of the battle however, was that it proved that the civil war would not be easily won -
Olive Branch Petition
Formally drafted by John Dickinson, It was a last attempt in order to assert the rights of the colonists all the while maintaining and showing their utmost loyalty to Britain as their mother country. However, King George, at the time refused to even open the petition, claiming it was the colonists rebelling. Even going as far to then consider the colonists traitors, and a disgrace to Britain itself. -
Dunmore's Proclamtion
best known as the "Emancipation Proclamation" signed by John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore,and Royal Governor on November 11th, 1775. The official proclamation granted martial law and granted freedom to the slaves who abandoned their owners to fight in battle. Initially proclaimed on the 14th, its proposal allowed several slaves to run away from their slave owners and enlist with Dunmore. -
Fort William Henry
The British fort located in the province of new York. was initially constructed to command the southern end of lake George. construction was first instructed by Sir William Johnson. french general Louis-Joseph de Montcalm arrived on august 3rd and began establishing camps to both the south and west of the fort. The garrison was forced to surrender when it was made apparent the commander was not sending relief. shortly after the 1757 siege, the french destroyed the fort and withdrew. -
Period: to
Constitutional Era
During this era, the articles of confederation, Anti-Federalist Papers, The Federalist, and the Legislative Branch were all created. -
Articles Of Confederation
Was the first written constitution of the united states, however the progress was slowed by fears of central authority and extensive land claims. Once under the articles, the states began to remain sovereign and independent with congress dealing with the last resort over disputes. Congress was given several rights over making laws and treaties, and a new constitution was established at the conventional convention. -
Treaty Of Paris- 1783
Negotiated between the United States and Great Britain, which successfully ended the revolutionary war and officially recognized american independence as a whole. Congress officially nominated a five-member congress including John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Lauren's. The treaty was officially started on September 3rd, 1783 but was not made effective until May 12th, 1784. -
Shay's Rebellion
The name is based off a series of rebellions, not just one. The rebellions consisted of farmers against local enforcement tax collectors. Became the most serious rebellion is Massachusetts, stemmed by bad harvests,economic depression, and high taxes threatening the land the farmers have claimed as their own. Name came from its symbolic and famous leader, Daniel Shay, former captain from the continental army. -
Legislative
Created by Article I of the constitution. The branch that makes laws. one of the first things to go through the legislative branch was the was the creating of the department of foreign affairs in 1789. The need for such departments dates back to 1787 and was recognized immediate. The legislative branch was first put into placement at the constitutional convention along with the judicial branch. all 3 branches were then established by a set of checks and balances. -
Constitutional Convention
Also goes by The Philadelphia Convention, The Federal Convention, and The Grand Convention at Philadelphia which took time estimate between May 27th, to September 17th, 1787. the disputes made in court were mainly over composition and election of the senate, and problems regarding balancing of power. They produced a rough draft of the official constitution on July 4th. Afterwards, it was voted on and sent to the state. -
Northwest Ordinance
The territory was acquired by the British after winning the Seven Years War against the french. Also known as the ordinance of 1787, was a notion by the congress of confederation officially passed on July 13th, 1787. The ordinance created the Northwest Territory, and the upper Mississippi River formed the territory's western boundary. To this day, it is still considered one of the most important legislative acts by the confederation congress. -
Anti- Federalist Papers
Initially written by the founding fathers, who were opposed to coming into the agreement of the merits within the constitution. Written about 8 days after the final draft of the constitution was written out. Even after the victory of the revolutionary war, the Americans were still dealing with several problems resulting from the war. War debts, and the inability to pass legislation. speculations resulted in the articles becoming the main blame. -
The Federalist
Initially consisted of 85 papers, written to reporters from newspapers in order to spread the word. The Federalist papers were written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. John Jay being both a writer and editor of the papers. Needing approval from nine out of 13 states became the reason for sending out the papers. Written as both propaganda and logical argument, the series of papers were eventually written into book form and published in 1788. -
Election of 1788
The very first presidential election in the United States of America, which initially followed the official ratification of the United States constitution. Within the election, Washington was elected for his second term with having John Adam's as the first vice president of the united states. This election was the start of several firsts and laid down the mold for future elections and office positions. -
Period: to
New Republic Era
Includes several treaties and the start of George Washington's first cabinet. Seen as turning point within history after the great depression. -
First Cabinet
Although the current United States cabinet consists of sixteen members, George Washington's cabinet only consisted of four members. Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of War: Henry Knox, Attorney General: Edmund Randolph. Washington uses these rules to interact with the Executive Branch. However, a cabinet is not required by the constitution or established law. -
Cotton Gin
seen as a machine that revolutionized the initial production and speeding up the seed removal process. Despite the great success, the invention made little money for Whitney due to several problems with the machine itself. -
Jay's Treaty
Tensions between the countries remained at an all time high after the revolutionary war. Representatives of the United States and Great Britain signed Jay's Treaty. which was used for settling the outstanding issues between the two countries. The treaty was therefore proved to be unpopular within the Americans but did accomplish the main goal of keeping the peace between the two countries. -
Pickney's Treaty
Commonly known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid. Prior to the treaty officially being signed, Both the western and southern border were seen as a source of tension between the Spanish and the Americans. Pickney had arrived in Spain in the late June of 1795. and the negotiations along with the treaty proceeded swiftly and according to plan. Godoy requested that the united states should form a steadfast alliance with Spain. Pickney rejected the alliance. -
Washington's Farewell Address
A letter written by the president to "friends and fellow-citizens" Originally posted into a news article, almost immediately after publishing, it was reprinted into several other newspaper and made into a pamphlet. The letter got its name "farewell address" as Washington's final writings at the end of his second term of presidency. The first draft was originally created by James Madison, in 1792 whenever Washington was contemplating stepping down. -
Election of 1796
Deals with the federalist party as well as the democrat republicans. Only presidential election to elect candidates from opposing parties. Since Washington had refused a third term, an election was in order once again. Each man from every party ran alone, the "running mate" option had not been established just yet. John Adams came in first and took the role of president, but since Thomas Jefferson came in second, he was given the title of Vice President. -
XYZ Affair
A very diplomatic incident between France and america during the 18th century that unintentionally led to an undeclared war at sea. The french were annoyed with Jay's Treaty, believing it had violated previous treaties that the united states had made with the french. The french attacked a number of american trips which caused problems for president john Adams. The Americans sent diplomats in order to negotiate with the french minister. -
Louisiana Purchase
By the middle of the 18th century, France controlled more of the Present-day united states than any other European power. The United States purchased approximately 828,000,000 miles of land from France. The land stretched from the Mississippi river in the east to the rocky mountains in the west and from the gulf of mexico in the south to the Canadian border in the north. One of the most important achievements of Jefferson's presidency. -
Period: to
The Jefferson Era
Includes several events all in which happened under Jefferson presidency, in which he successfully handled them all creating new compromises in order to deal. -
Hamilton Vs. Burr
In a duel in new jersey, VP Aaron Burr brutally shoots his long time political antagonist Alexander Hamilton. The shot was proved fatal the following day. During the duel, Hamilton saw the duel as morally wrong and shot into the air instead of aiming at Burr. However, Burr being competitive as he is, fired at Hamilton hitting his stomach, The bullet launched into his liver and Hamilton died the following day. Burr became a fugitive. -
Sacagawea
President Jefferson had just finalized the Louisiana Purchase, within the wide land, he hoped to access the northwest passage. After almost 2 years of planning and initial traveling, Lewis and Clark reached South Dakota where they met six months pregnant, Sacagawea. They recognized her importance and the realization of the horses she could help them obtain. She traveled with them and eventually arrived to her long lost brother who gave Lewis and Clark horses to be on their way. -
Embargo Act of 1807
Initially was a law that prohibited the american ships from trading in foreign ports. However, France then passed a law which prohibited trade between neutral parties. After passing the law, french warships began raiding american merchant ships, followed by the British. britian and France have been at war since 1803. The conflict reached its climax on June 22, 1807 with the Chesapeake-Leopard affair. -
War of 1812
A war fought between the united states, united kingdom, and each of their allies. The British had enforced a naval blockade to end neutral trade between the french. The British impressed many american merchants into the royal navy. The Chesapeake- leopard affair angered the British. in 1811, the British were turned into enemies with the Little Belt Affair. Ended with the battle of New Orleans which resulted in a treaty being established Feb 17th, 1815 -
Steamboats
Robert Fulton was the first person to initially make the first steam powered steamboat. His steamboat was made able to transport raw materiel's across the Atlantic ocean with ease. Transportation was proven to be important when people started moving from the north to the west. -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
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Panic of 1819
the post war economic expansion ended. Several banks throughout the country went out of business. several mortgages were closed, which led to people practically being forced out of their homes. all regions were seriously of the country were impacted and the prosperity did not return until late 1824. how people reacted to the panic theoretically depended on where they lived and their family income. -
Missouri Compromise
The legislation party passed by the 16th united states congress on May 8th, 1820. provides the admission of Maine as a free state along with Missouri becoming a slave state. as a part of the compromise, slavery was then on prohibited north of the 36^30 parallel. James Monroe signed the legislation on April 6th, 1820. the compromise was seen as controversial at the time, many citizens worried over the country now lawfully divided along sectional lines. -
Temperance Movement
Seen as a social movement against the consumption of of alcoholic beverages. These type of movements are usually used to criticize alcohol intoxication and to promote complete abstinence. -
Election of 1824
This election marked a new direction for future american politics. First westerner elected president, as well as the first president not from Virginia or Massachusetts. boldly officially announced "champion of the common man" and sought to believe that their were ignored by national economic plans of clay and Adams. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
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Transcendentalism
Seen as a philosophical movement developed in eastern united states.. it surfaced as a reaction to a protest against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality. -
John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams was best known as an american statesman who served as a diplomat, United States Senator, member of the House of Representatives. however, Jackson and his angry followers immediately began their campaign to take away the presidency from Adams in 1828. -
Sing Sing
followed the auburn system, prisoners were then confined to solo cells at night and switch to work in groups for labor during the day. Best known as "Death House" since over 614 executions took place onsite. -
Election of 1828
Jackson's brand new strategy was perfect the origins and better the military career. People attack each other as womanizers and attacks Jackson's wife Rachel because of bigamy.leading Jackson to grow resentful. People accused Jackson of being a pimp and the election was very nasty. Jackson wins overwhelmingly. -
Death of Jackson's Wife
Shortly after Jackson's win of the election, Rachel's illness began to take the better of her. Her death was quick and left Jackson humiliated and resentful towards his political enemies. -
Eastern State Penitentiary
e Eastern State Penitentiary was the largest and most expensive former American prison site in Pennsylvania , it was most best known for its strict discipline. It was a prison designed to inspire true regret in the hearts of prisoners because Pennsylvania did not believe in execution. This jail however, eventually became a detention site for people who have done wrong or have mental illnesses in which caused them to do wrong. -
Free-Black Communities
Strictly examines activities of recently free blacks in the north as they go through the struggles forge organizations and institutions and to obtain equal rights with the issues of slavery and racism. -
Telegraph
invention revolutionized long distance communication. worked initially by transmitting electrical signals into various locations over a wired connecting two locations. -
Trail of Tears
established alongside Indian removal act of 1830, which in turn gave the president the power to exchange Indian land for whichever he chooses. Upon receiving orders, the army began the enforcement of the removal act. The Indians were all rounded up and forced to walk this long trail. Many died of either starvation or disease along the way to their destination. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Slave rebellion that took place in Southampton, Virginia in 1831. Nat Turner along with several other slaves killed over fifty white men including his white slave owner, The Travis Family. In return, caused greater fear of the slave codes and stricter enforcement of the slave codes. Nat Turner ran away, was found, convicted and executed. -
John Calhoun
Calhoun was seen as a gifted debater, a very original thinker in several aspects, and a person who accepted new knowledge. He opposed the admission of California as a free state with a passion as well as the free-soil provision within the Oregon Territorial Bill. In his final address towards the senate, he threatened the publication of the disruption of the union unless the slave states were given permanent protection. -
Nullification Crisis
Congress begins to raise import taxes, as well as inputting a tax on textiles. both south Carolina and the southern agriculture business was affected. Calhoun advocated the law and took the Kentucky resolutions even further. -
Greek Revival
A architectural movement in which houses and buildings where built to resemble ancient Greek temples. -
The Atlantic Slave Trade
involves the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people. the slave trade used mainly the triangular slave trade along with and its middle passage which existed from the 16th to the 19th century. the Portuguese were originally the first to use the slave trade. towards 1526, they completed their first full voyage to Brazil, leaving several other European countries following them. -
Crank Churn
Mid 1800's to late 1940's the churn was used to make better in western households. one type of butter churn barrel churn,the user needed to turn a handle that directly rotated the dasher inside. These churners have been made to work better within turn. -
Waltham System
Labor and production model employed in the united states in the beginning of the early years of the american textile industry. Made several inventions possible including spinning jenny, spinning mule, and water frame. -
Period: to
Westward Expansion
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Edgar Allen Poe
He was best known as an american writer, editor, as well as literary critic. His imaginative storytelling's as well as tales of mystery and horror brought to life the modern day detective story line. -
Manifest Destiny
Period of american expansion that the united states was destined to do stretch from coast to coast. the attitude about manifest destiny helped fuel western settlement. -
Panic of 1837
was seen as a financial crisis in the United States that started off with a major recession that lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up. Pessimism abounded during the time. -
Mormon Migration
The great Mormon migration of 1846-1847 was one big step towards religious freedom as well as growth. Founded by Joseph Smith on April 6th, 1830 -
Battle of Palo Alto
Before war was declared on Mexico, General Zachary Taylor defeated a thought to be superior Mexican force in the Battle of Palo Alto. The battle took place north of the Rio Grande River near present-day Brownsville, Texas. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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California Gold Rush
When gold was initially founded by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought over 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. -
Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay introduced a large variety of series of resolutions on January 29, 1850, in a verbal attempt to seek a compromise and avert a crisis between North and South. As part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was amended. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
The novel features Uncle Tom, as an African-American slave whose long-suffering story touched millions. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin in a reaction towards the recently tightened fugitive slave laws. The book had a major influence on the way the American public viewed slavery. -
Bleeding Kansas
the Kansas-Nebraksa Act overturned the promises within the Missouri Compromise’s use of latitude as the boundary between slave and free territory and instead, using the principle of popular sovereignty, determined that area would determine that states status. -
John Browns Raid
In 1859, a small group of men attacked the small town of Harper's Ferry in Virginia. the intent was to seize weapons to give to slaves to start a rebellion. The group gained control of the mass arms but were surrounded by General Lee's men. 10 of the men were killed and the leader, John Brown, was captured and tried for treason. He was sentenced to death. The North viewed him as a martyr and rang the bells for him. The South viewed him as a terrorist and was outraged with the North. -
Election of 1860
There were 4 candidates for this election. Abraham Lincoln, John C. Breckenridge, John Bell, and Stephan A. Douglas. Lincoln was a republican from Illinois. Breckenridge was a democrat from the south. Bell represented the constitutional union. Douglas was a democrat. Lincoln won the election and was brought into office on March 4th, 1861. -
Fire Eaters
A large group of radical pro-slavery Southerners in the Antebellum South. those of who urged the separation of Southern states into a new nation, which became the Confederate States of America. The dean of the group was Robert Barnwell Rhett of South Carolina. -
Period: to
The Civil War
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Battle of Shiloh
Union victory. However, the battle had begun in the favor of the confederates. which had surprised the union by surrounding them and capturing and killing their men. the union however, created a battle line which forced the confederates away and the union then gained greater control of the Mississippi river. -
Emancipation Proclamation
A presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. Lincoln carefully framed the conflict as concerning the preservation of the Union rather than the abolition of slavery. He knew slavery wouldn't be supported. -
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln's short but powerful Gettysburg Address place during the Civil War into the historical background of the American fight for freedom and citizen rights. In an attempt to give direction to his divided country, Lincoln urges Americans to devote themselves to the task begun but not yet completed- to preserve freedom for all Americans. -
Ulysses S. Grant
initially became the first president after the civil war had completely ended. Throughout his presidency, several scams were covered throughout congress. The panic of 1873 came in the midst of his reign. Served 2 terms and was the youngest president. -
Wade-Davis Bill
Several Radical Republicans were made to believe that Lincoln's plan was too lenient. They wanted the punishment to be on the south for secession from the union. under the bill however, states had the ability to be readmitted into the union only if at least half took the oath of allegiance. -
Election of 1864
Lincoln was re-elected. Lincoln ran under the National Union banner against former top Civil War general, the Democratic candidate, George B. McClellan. The new political party was formed to accommodate the War Democrats. -
Black Codes
During reconstruction, congress passed a series of laws that were further known as the black codes. which denied blacks to make contracts, testify against whites in court, be unemployed, or even be in public places. They kept the Africans from their inalienable rights, which was initially broke a law. people from the radical republican party got congress to eliminate it. -
Freedmen's Bureau
Initially an agency set up in order to help and aid former slaves in order for them to adjust well to being now free. it gave out food and clothes and helped them get good paying jobs. Radical republicans also tried to get the blacks land in order to get them on equal footing with the whites. Congress sent federal troops in order for the votes to get help in receiving the right to vote. -
40 Acres and a Mule
A temporary plan orchestrated by Union General Sherman in which granted each family a total of 40 acres of tillable land. Along with a mule for each family. However, slaves began to recognize this as a sign of emancipation coming soon. The orders were eventually revoked by Andrew Johnson. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
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John Wilkes Booth
An american stage actor who was deliberately assassinated former president Abraham Lincoln. Beforehand, he was a confederate sympathizer and became outraged at the defeat of the civil war. He assassinated Lincoln out of rage and soon became a fugitive. -
Abraham Lincoln Assassination
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, was assassinated by well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, in Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. -
KKK
Initially formed by six former confederate officers, group quickly turned into a terrorist group whose attacks were targeted on citizens of color. officially founded in 1865-1866 they used malicious acts in order to keep the blacks from obtaining citizens rights. Congress eventually passed a law that was used to protect the blacks. -
14th Amendment
This amendment declared equal rights for all citizens regardless of race, color, or background. however, women were still excluded. As well as protection on both state and national levels. in total, 3 clauses were backing the amendment. 1. privileges and immunities clause 2. due process clause 3. equal protection clause -
Jim Crow
In the early 1830s, the american actor Thomas Dartmouth was propelled to stardom for performing minstrel routines as the fictional. As the show's popularity spread, “Jim Crow” became a widely used derogatory term for blacks. Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. -
Clara Barton
Clara Barton was a pioneering nurse who respectively founded the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse during the American Civil War, a teacher, and patent clerk. The American Red Cross was founded and Barton served as its first president. -
Period: to
Great Depression
Severe worldwide economic depression that most took place during the 1930's. The depression initially began when the world stock market crashed. -
Chesapeake People
native american tribe known as the chesepian. had recently inhabited the area now known as south hampton roads located in the state of virginia. the main village of the chesepian was called skicoke currently located in norfolk. the chesepian were rumored to be eliminated because pohatans priest had warned him otherwise.
