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Period: 30,000 BCE to
Two worlds collide
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27,000 BCE
Bering land bridge
The Bering land bridge was a strip of land that provided access from Russia to what we know as today as North America. The significance of the Bering land bridge was that it allowed three major waves of people to cross over. The last major wave of people occurred 5 thousand years ago around the last ice age. The melting of the glaciers caused sea levels to rise and creating what is now the baring straight. Although there were three major waves there were smaller waves in between also migrating. -
350 BCE
Olmecs
Olmecs were the first natives to reach the Americas and advance in agriculture being able to grow crops such as corn beans squash tomatoes etc. They were religious people, practicing offerings, bloodletting, rituals, and sacrificing. They also built pyramids and produced chocolate. They were known for the colossal heads they produced and indulged in a dangerous dodgeball-like game difference being the ball they used was made of stone. It was used to choose the candidate for the next sacrifice. -
476
Fall of the Roman empire
Due to failure to enforce laws, Roman proceeded to decline and their territories were divided into different countries. Although their numbers in armies and their effectiveness healthy population and great economy help them survive for so long their lack of laws caused them to collapse and they started to lack the strength they had as time passed by. This caused a dark age in Europe as there was no form of education and such a toll caused many to divide. -
1353
The Black Death
The black death was a disease that spread from Asia all the way to Africa eventually reaching the southern seaports of Europe. These "death ships" pulled into ports of Messina in October with everyone on the ship either very ill or dead but they all had huge black boils on their bodies. Although the ships were ordered to go somewhere else in order to prevent the disease from spreading it was already too late. Rats in the city spread the disease leading to the death of 1/3 of Europes population. -
1492
The Columbia Exchange
The Columbian exchange was a trading system between the new world and the old one as many goods were being traded. Benefitting from it the most was the old world as they were introduced to new goods. this system was named after Chris Colombus. many of the things traded were foods and animals but diseases were also exchanged. -
May 20, 1506
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus a young explorer confident in finding a direct water route west from Europe to Asia, but instead found what we call today North America. Taking a total of four voyages to the new world he had discovered. the first sailing, the ocean blue in 1492 August the 3rdthinking he had reached Asia. Although he had discovered this new piece of fresh land he still died with the idea he reached Asia. -
Dec 2, 1547
Hernan Cortez
Served as a soldier in an expedition of Cuba which until he decides on his own to head to Mexico as he heard of tales of gold and runs into the Aztecs who had what he was seeking. His sights were set on overthrowing the ruler Montezuma the second in the capital Tenochitilán. although the Aztecs drove the Spanish away Cortes returned to defeat the natives in 1521. He later spent the rest of his time seeking recognition for his accomplishments from the spanish royal court. -
Quakers
Founded by George Fox in the 17th century is the religious society of friends also known as Quakers. The Quakers were persecuted in Europe so they set sail to the Americas to be able to practice their religion freely. Their beliefs were considered radical as they believed women and men were spiritually equal and women could speak out during worship. -
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Colonial America
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southern colonies
the southern colonies began with a small settlement in Jamestown full of small dirt farms later on growing into a cash crop area building many plantations. although they were at an advantage being able to survive the winter times they still had trouble in the heat as it did not go easy on them. they were close to the Caribbean for easier trade and the soil was fertile enough to be able to grow crops of many kinds.with many colonies being created the last to settle would be Georgia in 1726. -
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English Colony societies
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New England
The New England was first settled by the pilgrims and shortly after the Mayflower, the Puritans settled on Massachusetts Bay. the bay became influential of all New England colonies. their main source of commerce was fishing and timber. The most common sea life near the coast were whales and they became a valuable resource in the colonies. the timber was exported back to England and furs were often sold. After the revolutionary war they became a haven for merchants. -
Mayflower
The Mayflower was a merchant ship that set sail in september of 1620 from Plymouth, one of the many ports on the southern coast of England. Although the main cargo the Mayflower held aboard were wines and dry goods this time it carried passengers. 102 of them all hoping to succeed in a new life on the other side of the Atlantic ocean. these newcomers are today know as "pilgrims". Out of the 102 passengers 40 of them were saints hoping to establish a church in the new world. -
Caribbean sugar
Sugar cane was the most grown crop in the Caribbean area. sugar was bought mostly by Europe as the Caribbeans produced 90% of their sugar supply. using mills known as trapiches squeezed the sugar canes juice out. then the juice would be boiled and clarified being paced into forms. the liquid crystallizes into sugar when in the forms. the stuff that does not form is used to make molasses and rum. these products were used in exchange for trading goods such as slaves. -
Navigation Acts
The purpose of the navigation act was to encourage British shipping and have Great Britain gain full monopoly of British colonial trade benefiting the British merchants.it was a series of laws passed in the English parliament in 1651,1660 and 1663. in 1660 the act was ensured that import and export of trading goods from the British colonies were restricted to British ships. the first navigation act was to restrict dutch trading ships as they were England's competition. -
The Enlightenment
The enlightenment or the age of reason it was a time when politics, philosophy, science and communication were radically reoriented during the long 18th century. This event caused a popular thought on how humanity could be changed for greater things. The enlightenment produced books, essays, inventions, scientific discoveries, laws, wars, and revolutions. although the enlightenment brought such knowledge to everyone it gave way to the 19th century romanticism. -
Salem Witch Trials
In the spring of 1620 are the Salem witch trials as it first started when a group of girls in the Salem village, Massachusetts claimed to be demonically possessed and blamed the possessions on witchcraft which were caused by local women. such a wave of hysteria caused one lady Bridget Bishop was hanged in June. as time passed by many people were accused of witchcraft.as many started to speak out against the trials the hysteria died down but such a painful legacy endured them for centuries. -
Triangular trade
the triangular trade system consisted of the Americas, Europe and Africa all trading good and slaves to one another. africa would send their people to the colonies who would use them as slaves. the colonies then sent out sugar, tobacco, cotton and more made from the slaves to Europe. the Europeans would then create goods from the raw material they got from the colonies. after all these goods they are traded with Africa in order to restart the process. -
Slave rebellions
although there were many slave rebellions not a single one was a success as the slaves who fought back were either tortured to death or imprisoned. although there is some helping spark fights leading to the civil war. One rebellion stands out as the most successful but not completely. Nat Turner rebellion a slave rebellion led by a priest Nat Turner who killed 55 white people storming their homes and killing everyone in it. After a while of hiding, nat turner was found, trailed and killed. -
militias
Militias were men trained to fight at any moment in a matter of minutes as they were prepared from the moment they wake up. They were needed to fight back the British, but they were not as trained having only four days of training required per year but they did require able-bodied males to participate and provide their weapon. Although the militias were not much to look at especially against the British, they still managed to win battles due to the leaders they had. -
Period: to
the constitution
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The Great Awakening
The great awakening was a period of religious awakening and reform. This caused a series of religious revivals that took over the American colonies being led by the evangelical Protestant ministers.the first great awakening first arose in 1725 and lasted till 1750. the purpose was to revive faith in members of the congregation and bring social reforms to the people. -
financial status of the British after the French and Indian war
Although the British succeeded in winning the French and Indian war they took a massive toll in debt. the English leaders set in motion planned to give London more control over the government of the colonies and these ideas were eventually a big part of the colonial resentment towards the broths imperial policies that led to the American Revolution. getting such taxations from the british caused rebellions in the colonies. -
New england economy
The New England colonies were in the upper region having harsh winter and rocky soil only able to plant a few cops that could take the harsh weather. The fish sold in the markets were cod, mackerel, herring, halibut, hake, bass and sturgeon as these were the most fished in the coasts. Other sea life hunted were whales as the oil they had were a valuable item in the market. The only plants that could survive the harsh soils were corn, pumpkins, rye, squash, and beans. -
Southern colony economy
the southern colonies depended heavily on agriculture as they developed plantations as they exported tobacco, cotton corn, vegetables, grains, fruit, and livestock. as they had large lands the demand for workers was high but the price was too high for paid workers so instead they got slaves. Gaining slaves from the triangular trade they gaining the larges population of slaves out of all the other regions. these products were later used for trading goods with the north as raw material was a must -
treaty of Paris
the treaty of Paris was the conclusion of the french and Indian war which was a series of battles between great Britain and France and their Indian allies for the possession of the Americas. France passes all of Canada and all of Louisianan east of the Mississippi except new Orleans to great Britain. although the British had won the battle it left them in great debt and could not pay it all off on their own seeking to find money to pay off this debt they started enforcing taxes on the colonists. -
french and indian war
When the Frances expansion into the Ohio River valley brought repeated conflict with the claims of the British colonies, a series of battles led to the british finally declaring war in 1756. The tide turned in 1757 because of William Pitt, the new British leader, saw the colonial conflicts as the key to building a vast British empire. after the war came the peace conference in 1763, the British received Canada from France and Florida from Spain. -
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Revolutionary war
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Stamp act
the stamp act was one of the first internal tax levied directly on the american colonists by the British colonies. this act was used to tax on all paper document. this act came after the 7 year was the British had and they needed a way to pay all their debt looking at the american colonies as a revenue source. this act caused the colonist to rebel making sure that the stamp collectors resigned although they did succeed other acts came but the colonist had enough. 10 years later they fought back -
Boston massacre
The Boston massacre happened when a squad of British soldiers, came to support a sentry who was being pressed and heckled with snowballs being thrown at him. the British soldiers let loose a volley of shots hitting 5 civilians killing 3 on the spot and 2 dying from the wounds days later. among the victims was Crispus Attucks a man of black or Indian percentages presto the British officer was arrested for manslaughter along with 8 more of his soldiers. -
Boston tea party
the Boston tea party was an act of rebellion from the colonists for the unrepresented taxation they were getting from the British government. while consignees in Charleston, new York and Philadelphia rejected tea shipments, merchants in Boston refused to concede to patriot pressure. when they received the shipments,on the night of December 16 Samuel Adams and the sons of liberty boarded the ship and threw off 342 shipments of tea which in today's time would be worth one-million dollars. -
Common sense
common sense written by Thomas Paine advocated independence for the american colonists from Britain and was considered one of the most influential pamphlets on american history. at the time common sense was written most american colonists considered themselves to be aggrieved Britons. when common sense came out it sparked more hate in Americans for the British causing a war to rise as many started to rebel against them. -
treaty of paris
This treaty negotiates between the united states and great Britain it ended the revolutionary war and recognized American independence. The talks began in April 1782, after the American-French victory at Yorktown led to the toppling of Lord North’s Tory government and the naming of a Whig, Lord Rockingham, as prime minister and Lord Shelburne as foreign minister. The preliminary articles of peace were signed for the United States and Richard Oswald for Great Britain on November 30, 1782. -
Shays rebellion
a great amount of protests 1786 and 1787 by the American farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt, this conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the article of Confederation and admit the weak central government as it was not working. in an effort to prevent the court from foreclosing on the farm of those who could not pay the taxes a rebellion arose with the leader being Daniel shay. -
The Great Debate
the great debate was a series of debates between the two major parties, the Federalists, and the anti-federalists. the party that wanted to keep the constitution the way it was. they did not want the bill of rights and wanted a strong central government. The anti-federalists believed that the sates should have more power and believed the bill of rights was necessary. although the debate was long the federalists win and the constitution becomes the law of land. -
Virginia plan
the Virginia pan was prevented to the constitutional convention and proposed the creation of a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses by proportional population. the virginia wanted to give the bigger states the upper voice as it favored them. -
New Jersey Plan
the new jersey plan was written by William Paterson, the plan was to give the states am an equal number of representatives in Congress. this created a conflict with reoresentaiton between bigger states who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who did not want to be bullie by larger states. -
northwest ordinance
the north-west ordinance was a policy stating that new states could be admitted and solved Thomas Jefferson's problem on dividing land won in wars. it stated about three to five states could be created from the northwest territory. once the state had 5,000 people, they could begin the process of acceptance. they were not allowed to have slaves and once the population reached sixty thousand they were allowed to make drafts of their own constetution. -
The Connecticut plan
aka the great compromise was an agreement that both large and small states reached. the larger states believed representation should be based on the contribution each state made to the nation and smaller states believed that is the only fair plan of equal representation. -
election of 1788
election of 1788 was the first presidential election in American history. When the two men would run, whoever came in first place would become the president while second place would become the vice president. In this case, George Washington came in first and his vice president became John Adams. Washington was greatly admired for his role in the American Revolution and many people idolized him, even seeing him as a god-like figure. He was inaugurated in New York City on April 30, 1788. -
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The New Republic
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The american industrial revolution
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billl of rights
The Bill of Rights are the first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution. They were supported by the Anti-Federalists. These amendments were introduced by James Madison who was strongly influenced by Virginia Declaration of Rights.They were made to place limits on the central government. When Madison went through the Constitution and started making changes, several Representatives argued that Congress had no power to change the wording of the document. Therefore, his changes became amendments. -
whiskey rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was the Constitution's first test to see how strong it was. In Kentucky and Pennsylvania, farmers would sell whiskey on the side and make a large profit. However, Hamilton decided the farmers should start getting taxed on these sales. The smaller producers would get taxed a higher price which they didn't think was fair. The farmers revolted and threatened to attack Pittsburgh. George Washington was able to gather an army to
control the situation and stop the farmers. -
XYZ affair
When France went to war with Great Britain, America stayed neutral. They signed Jay's Treaty with Britain which caused problems. The French believed it interfered with previous treaties they already had. They got upset and seized American ships. John Adams would then send 3 diplomats to France, trying to resolve their issues. The prime minister would send 3 agents to inform them that they would have to pay him a huge loan while paying each agent, along with other conditions Madison disagreed on. -
jays treaty
chief Justice John Jay to be nominated by President Washington as a special envoy to negotiate disputes between 2 nations. representatives from the united states and Great Britain sought to settle outstanding issues that have been left unresolved since American independence. this limited trading relations. england also agreed to give up its fort in the northwestern frontier. washington signed the treaty four days after it was approved by Congress/ -
pickney's treaty
the pickneys treaty was signed by the United States and Spain on October 27th, 1795 to end the dispute between the two countries over the land settlement and Mississippi river trade. establishing intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the united states with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River. this treaty gave the united states control of the Mississippi river too. -
election of 1800
Jefferson attacked During the election of 1800, Federalists cast Thoma a Jefferson as an infidel because of his strict advocacy for the separation of Church and State.
Election of 1800 Support for Thomas Jefferson throughout the entire Western frontier assured his victory over John Adams in the presidential election 1800. -
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The age of Jefferson
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westward expansion
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Louisiana Purchase
as the population of the united states started to largen in size Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the US. totaling in about 15 million about 3 cents per acre. the expedition to explore the wilderness of the west soon after the signing of the Louisiana purchase was led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. with the help of Sacagawea they were able to travel 8 thousand miles gathering information about the landscape and the people there were. -
The embargo act
the embargo act was signed on December the 22nd in 1807 by President Thomas Jefferson. The act closed all of the US seaports and placed restrictions on imports from Great Britain. Although the act was passed it was very unpopular in seaports. its effects it had on American shipping and markets made agriculture prices and earnings fall. industries relying on shipping were al.o devastated -
The burning of the white house
after the American attack in Canada, during the war of 1812, British troops entered Washington d.c. and burned the white house. when the British arrived the president James Madison and his wife were at safety. the British ransacked the presidential mansion then set the place on fire. it wasn't until 1817 where James moved back into the reconstructed building and had it painted white to hide the burn marks. -
The battle of new Orleans
a battle led byAndrew Jackson, the Battle of New Orleans was the final major battle of the War of 1812. It happened on January 8,1815 although it was preceded by minor encounters. With a multicultural army Jackson defeated the British. His name was now a household name and he represented the common man. -
adams-onis treaty
An agreement between the United Sates and Spain that gave Florida to the U.S and set out a boundary between the United States and New Spain. The US also had to pay $5 million to Americans in damage claims. It was signed by John Quincy Adams, the American secretary of state, and Luis de Onis, the Spanish minister. The treaty was considered a triumph of American diplomacy. -
The panic of 1819
during the 1819 economic expansion ended. Banks throughout the country failed; mortgaged were foreclosed, forcing people out of their homes and off their farms. The primary cause of the misery was the Second Bank of the United States. All regions of the country were impacted and prosperity did not return until 1824. This was one of the worst recessions in US History. -
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cultural changes
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the Missouri compromise
The effort by the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives to maintain a balance of power between slave states and non-slave states. The salves feared that if they became outnumbered in Congress representation, they would lack the power to protect their interests.An amendment was also proposed that slavery was allowed below the parallel 36 degrees, in the vast Louisiana Purchase territory, but prohibiting it above that line. It ran along the southern border of Missouri. -
the election of 1824
The election of 1824s candidates was that of John Q. Adams and Andrew Jackson. Winning the popular vote but not the electoral vote was Andrew Jackson. January 1824, John Q. Adams invited Henry Clay to visit him, and suspicions arose about a deal made between the two men. Henry Clay then made it known that he was supporting Adams and thanks to his influence Adams won the election. Andrew then denounced the vote as "the corrupt bargain." -
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age of jackson
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the spoil system
The Spoils System was given to the practice of hiring and firing federal workers when presidential administrations changed in the 19th century. It began with President Andrew Jackson as he saw it necessary and overdue effort at reforming the federal government. The changes were a welcome change.Jackson's opponents cited it often as an example of blatant corruption which rewarded political supporters with federal jobs. -
The Indian removal act
andrew Jackson encouraged Congress to adopt the Indian removal act, in 1830. this act established a process where the president could negotiate land by exchanging treaties with tribes living within the boundaries of the states. a few tribes went peacefully, but the others resisted the relocation policy. this act led to the trail of tears -
Nat turner's slave rebellion
Nat Turner was born on the Virginia plantation of Benjamin Turner who allowed to be instructed in reading, writing, and religion. When he grew up believing in signs and hearing divine voices, Turner was convinced by an eclipse that a time to rise up against slavery had come. On August 21, 1831 with the help of his followers Turner killed the Travis family and enlisted about 75 other slaves that killed 55 white people. The revolt resulted in even harsher laws against slaves. -
The bank veto speech
The president of the united states vetoed a bill that would have renewed the corporate charter for the second bank of the U.S. Andrew Jackson's speech explained why he did such a thing and also laid out his vision for American democracy. he appealed to the common man and what his vision widely supported -
the tariff act
The tariff act was a protective tariff that was passed to reduce existing tariffs. Also created as a remedy for the conflict created by the 1828 tax referred to as the tariff of abominations. the threats came from south carolina threatening to secede if the government attempted to collect the tariff duties. this led to the nulification crisis -
the steamboat
A steamboat is a boat powered by a steam engine, even a paddle-wheel craft of a type used widely in the Industrial Revolution era. Although first introduced in 1787 by John Fitch, from 1787 to the 1830's steamboats were improved. In 1804, John Stevens built a boat with a new high-pressure steam engine. Steamers were mostly used to carry passengers and cargo across canals and other navigable waterways. -
the manifest destiny
Referring to the 19th century period of American expansion that the united states was destined to stretch from coast to coast was the manifest destiny. This expansion fueled wars with Mexico, western settlements, and native American removals. This expansion was thought by many Americans to be a blessing from the gods for the growth of the American nation. The "manifest destiny" made its first appearance in a newspaper article on the annexation of texas written by John L. O'Sullivan. -
the battle of gonzales
october 2, 1835 was the day Moore's men attacked the Mexican camp while flying a white featuring a picture of a cannon and the words "come and take it". as castaneda told his men to fall back into defensive postions being outnumbered and outgunned. although the loses were minimal the battle of gonzales marked a clear break between the settlers in texas and the mexican government. -
the battle of Goiaid
Four months before the battle in San Antonio and showing that Texans were in it to win their independence was the battle of Goliad. This battle was a victory for Texas and showcased the mettle of their cause. Having only 50 Mexican soldiers in the fort, it was easy for Texan forces to hack through the door and get the Mexicans to surrender. not being as famous as the alamo it was still able to rally up the men and women of texas into sustaininf a revolution. -
the battle of San Jacinto
Texas militia under the leadership of Sam Houston launched a surprise attack against the forces of the Mexican General Santa Anna along the San Jacinto River. Texans then fired at close range and rolled over the hasty Mexican breastworks. Santa Anna's defense collapsed as panicked Mexicans tried to flee. the battle ended in 18 minutes having the remaining Mexican troops surrender and Santa Anna was captured. after coming to terms with Sam Houston to end the war Santa Anna was freed. -
Sam Houston
Sam Houston was elevated to the commander of the ragtag Texas army as there were outbreaks with the Texas revolution. although his numbers were not as great as the mexican armies he had the upper hand when Santa Anna split his forces. sam Houston was able to attack san Jacinto gaining Texas its independence. being the newly independent lone star republic they made sam houston their president in 1836. being president he secured the U.S recognition of texas -
Whigs party
the whigs was a political party that favored a strong central government. they favored a program of modernization, banking, and economic protectionism to stimulate manufacturing. they were however split badly and decided to field a number of regional candidates. even though Martin Van Buren destroyed the Whig strategy, the Whigs were able to make significant gains in congress. -
the panic of 1837
this panic was caused by a crisis in financial conditions in the nation. caused by the initiation of Andrew Jackson's changes in the banking system and failure of the wheat crop. although this was Andrews fault all of it was blamed on the new president Martin Van Buren and was given the name Van Ruin. the panic caused foreclosures, bankruptcies, unemployment soared, and bread riots broke out.this lasted for nearly 7 years and the systm never fully recovered. -
the yeoman farmers
The lowest class of wealth were the yeoman farmers or small landowners. They were the majority of white families in the south. 75% of them did not own slaves, and they usually farmed their land. Some relied on planters while others did not planters. Yeoman farmers formed southern militias to catch runaway slaves and guarded against slave rebellions. -
The first police force
tensions arose as people with different ethnics moved to the north. these tensions needed to be dealt with and so became the first police force. in 1838 Boston organized an independent, 24-hour police force. Soon other places too ahold of the police force such as Chicago, New Orleans, Cincinnati, and new york city. -
Lowell mills
the Lowell mills are mills that were used in Lowell Massachusetts during the 19th and 20th centuries. -
telegraph
a new way of communication was the telegraph as it revolutionized long-distance communication. The first message sent was in 1844 by Samuel Morse, the telegraph's inventor. The telegraph allowed people to communicate almost instantaneously without being in the same place.Information sent via telegraph also allowed news and media to share information more quickly. -
the election of 1844
the candidates for the election of 1844 were henry clay who was a part of the whigs part and Martin Van Buren who was part of the democrat party. this was a fight over American expansion and the questioning of the annexation of Texas. many people opposed van burens position on Texas. as he did not receive two-thirds vote causing him to lose and James Polk now able to go up against Henry clay. polk ended up winning as the opposition on texas caused Clay to lose. -
James K. Polk
james Polk was a slave-owning man as he was also apart of the democratic party. he favored the American expansion and advocating the annexation of Texas.james was also a friend and follower of Andrew Jackson. he was against Henry clays American system, wanting to advocate lower tariffs, separating the treasury and the federal government from the banking system. he also believed and supported the manifest destiny. -
the second great awakening
Beginning around the 1800s passing its peak around the 1850s was the second great awakening. Being marked by an emphasis on personal piety over schooling and theology. In the education system grades were assigned to students and attendance was mandatory. this movement also influence the prison reform, womens rights movement and advancement of liturature. -
the shakers
the shakers are a religious group establishing small utopian communities. "shakers" was based on their ecstatic dances that were a part of their worship. reaching their peak in the mid-1800s they reached roughly 6 thousand members.they were celibate, rejected domesticity and believed in equality with every sex. -
the temperance movement
the temperance movement was an effort to abstain from alcohol. as the alcohol consumption was at an all-time high. as it was so high many people used it to blame on many of societies problems such as health problems, destitution, and crime. the movement was mostly filled by women who have endured with their children of abuse from their drunken husbands. it was a statewide success in Maine which passe a law on June 2nd, 1851 showing itself as a model for other states. -
revivalism
this was a specific period of spiritual renewal in the life of the holy church. as used in the first great awakening with George Whitfield was direct preaching. from this era emerged such a figure who became the central figure if the revivalist movement. Charles Grandison Finney achieved great success in large cities with his revivals. -
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sectionalism
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trancendentalism
this is a philosophical and social movement in reaction to rationalism. teaching others to think for themselves and be non-conformists. this caused people to also ook towards nature for understanding whenever they state that there is more to life than the reality around. the most important figures in transcendentalism were henry david thoreau and ralph waldo emerson who was an essayist, lecturer and poet -
the Seneca falls convention
the Seneca falls convention was led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. the convention held 400 women and roughly 40 men in attendance. the convention was subjected to public ridicule for proclaiming a women's right to vote. although there were some who withdrew it was marked as the beginning of the women's suffrage movement in America. -
the american anti-slavery society
The AASS was founded in 1833 under the leadership of William Lloyd Garrison. Supporting immediate abolition of slavery in the united states. the societies sponsored meetings, adopted resolutions, signed antislavery petitions to be sent to Congress, and sent out agent and lecturers to carry the antislavery message around the north. they always met with violent public opposition with mobs always invading their meetings attacking their speaker sand burning presses. -
seventh of march address
daniel webster delivered the most controversial Senate speech in history on March 7th, 1850. he endured one of the most hated provisions of the compromise bills in Congress, the fugitive slave act. the speech provoked instant and extreme reactions. losing people who admired him for several years called him a traitor. -
fugitive slave act
This act assisted the south with maintaining a tight rein on slave owners property. This act stated for the seizure of runaway slaves who escaped from one state into another or a federal territory. This law was met with strong opposition in the northern states, some who enacted personal liberty laws to hamper the execution of the federal law. it was not until june 28, 1864 that it was repealed. -
underground railroad
this operation was a network of secret routes and safe houses to aid and offer shelter to runaway slaves. most of the underground railroad operators were ordinary people, such as farmers and ministers. one of the most famous conductors was Harriet Tubman. she would regularly take groups of escapees to Canada distrusting the U.S to treat them well. it ceased its operation during the civil war in 1863 -
uncles toms cabin
this cabin brought about the real treatment of the slaves and was the first book published in telling the real harsh truth. The book was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe who was an American abolitionist. asthe book arose in pupularity it has shocked all of the northerners and the south was upset as they tried to claim the book was falsified. in order to fight back the south wrote a book about how african americans wanted to be treated like slaves -
the Kansas-Nebraska act
The Kansas-Nebraska act allowed for the popular sovereignty in these two territories. this was devised by Stephen Douglas the "little giant". douglas rammed this bill through Congress although it was hated by the northerners. the Act nullified the 30,36 line and caused a fight over kansas. -
Harper's Ferry
during the October of 1856, the united states military arsenal at Harper's Ferry was the target of an assault led by john brown. this raid was part of a plan that would establish the independent stronghold of freed slaves. although brown was captured during the raid, trailed and hung showing defeat this caused the southerners to fear slave rebellions also increasing tensions between the north and the south. -
Period: to
the civil war
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fort sumter
Lincoln chose to resupply Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor and other forts when required as he did not want to surrender federal installation to the Confederates. Southern Carolinas government demanded the evacuation of all U.S troops from the forts. this fort battle sparked the civil war into action. as the confederates sank president Buchanan's supply ship and General anderson moved his troops into the fort. -
the first battle of bull run
On July 21, 1861, Union and Confederate Armies clashed near Manassas Junction, Virginia. 1st major battle of the Civil War known as the First Battle of Bull Run, the engagement began when about 35,000 Union troops marched from the capital in Washington, D.C. to strike a Confederate force of 20,00 along a small river known as Bull Run. This victory gave the South confidence, and the North realized the war would not be easily won. -
The Trent affair
the Trent affair were incidents during the American civil war as the doctrine of freedom of seas was a debate, which nearly caused a war between Great Britain and the united states. this crisis arose when the captain of the USS San janitor arrested two confederate envoys sailing on a British mail ship to reach Europe to seek support from the south in the civil war. the british were outraged though in the end abraham lincoln released envoys. -
The emancipation Proclamation
th emancipation proclamation had both moral ad strategic implications for the civil war. on septemeber 22nd of 1862 President abraham lincoln issued a preliminary emancipation proclamation declared in january 1st. all the slaves in the rebellious states "shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free." -
the conscription act
the conscription act also known as the enrollment act was enforced by the United States government. this law required for the states to draft certain types of men into the civil war but they were not as strict on the requirements. the enroller must be a white male only between the ages of twenty and forty-five. the men drafted had to pay a communication fee of three hundred dollars or if they wanted to hire a substitute to escape service if drafted. -
Clara Barton
clara barton independently organizes relief for the wounded often bringing supplies of her own to the front lines. when the war ended, she was able to help locate thousands of missing soldiers, even identifying the dead at Andersonville prison in Georgia. she was also able to organize what we call today as the American red cross. before her death in 1912 she was able to continue her work in secveral foreign wars and domesti crises. -
The Gettysburg address
On November 1863, President Abraham Lincoln was invited to deliver remarks on site of one of the bloodiest and most decisive battles of the Civil War, which later became known as the Gettysburg Address. Lincoln’s address is remembered as one of the most important speeches in American history. In his speech, he invoked the principles of human equality contained in the Declaration of Independence, as well as the preservation of the Union, created in 1776 and self-government. -
Wade-davis bill
this bill was passed by the congress on july 2nd of 1864. outlining far stricter requirements for the re-admission to the U.S. during the reunification period of reconstruction. this bill was a response to opose to president lincolns lenient proclamation of amnnesty and his 10% plan, the bill never took efect and was vetoes by the president abraham lincon. -
Period: to
reconstruction
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The assasination of abraham lincoln
the assassin who killed the president Abraham Lincoln was John Wilkes Booth a famous actor and Confederate sympathizer. he was a Confederate supporter so the fact that the union won the civil war was a major problem for him. as the president enjoyed the play "our American cousin" booth slipped into the president's box and fired at the back of Lincolns head. although a fatal shot Lincoln did not die until the morning and the nation was in distraught. -
The Ku Klux Klan
The KKK were a group of mostly Southerners who were extremely racist against African Americans, disliking all other cultures and races. They originated in Tennessee in 1865. in charge of the KKK was general, Forrest. The members of this group dominated the democratic party. also released a campaign that terrified the Republicans. The Ku Klux Klan went around blackmailing many Republican politicians and burned black schools and churches. -
the Black codes
Black codes wer a series of statutes and laws that were enacted in 1865. when the civil war ended southern states created black codes, the laws which aimed t keep the white supremacy in place. the back codes attemoet to economically disable freed slaves, forcing the african americans to continue to work on plantations. -
the 13th amendment
Even after Abraham Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation there were still problems with it as slavery was not fully over. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the U.S. It was the first of three Reconstruction Amendments adopted in the five years following the American Civil War. It was passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified December 6, 1865. -
The Black Friday scandal
this scandal was an attempt by two aggressive Wall Street speculators, Jay Gould and James Fisk to corner the gold market on the New York Gold Exchange. The financial speculators then intended to sell everything at an enormous profit. It was the first scandal to taint the Grant administration. Although President Ulysses Grant was never a target of investigation but his reputation was badly tarnished -
the 15th amendment
this amendment granted the right of freedmen to have the right to vote and could do so as others could not force them to not vote because of their color. the importance of the 15th amendment was that it finally granted for african americans the riht to vote but allowed african americans to be able to be elected into public ffice. -
the compromise of 1877
The Compromise of 1877 resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election between Democratic candidate Samuel Tilden and Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes. Hayes would become president in exchange for the withdrawal of troops from South an granting of home rule in the South. This effective ended the Reconstruction Era and issuing in the system of Jim Crow.
