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1600 BCE
bering land bridge
They were Europeans and they believed they had bounced along the coast. It was controversial on whether it had happened 27,000 or 40,000 years ago. Glaciers were introduced during this time -
Period: 1600 BCE to
beginnings of exploration
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1400 BCE
the olmecs
earliest known major civilization in mexico. lived in tropical lowlands of south mexico. Olmec population flourished during Mesoamerica formative period. the Olmec heartland is located within the area of where it had begun to expand after early development soconusco. beginnings of civilization have been dated from 1400 to 1200 BCE -
476
the dark ages
referring to the middle ages, which then follows the decline of the roman empire. This time can be referred by light vs darkness in which darkness and light are contrasted with both early and later periods. the term is followed by negative connotations. further accomplishments throughout history led to the dark ages being categorized to the 5th-10th century. -
1095
the crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. In all, eight major Crusade expeditions occurred between 1096 and 1291 -
1428
the Aztecs
Had the largest population of 200 million. They were known as the most European city- Tenochtitlan. Very materialistic culture. Established an advanced irrigation system. Formed their own written language. The civilization was ruled by warriors-nobles and priests. -
1492
columbian exchange
known as a period of both cultural and biological exchanges between the new and old world. plants, animals, diseases and technology were all exchanged in order for both sides to receive benefits as well as consequences. skyrocketing advances in agricultural production, evolution of warfare, and increased mortality rates are just a few effects of the exchange. -
1500
triangular trade
The best-known triangular trading system is the transatlantic slave trade, that operated from the late 16th to early 19th centuries, carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers, with the northern colonies of British North America, especially New England, sometimes taking over the role of Europe. -
1534
Jacques Cartier
King Frances I was the one who authorized Cartier permission to travel a voyage to the new world in search of riches. prior to his three voyages to the new world, cartier had already created a name for himself in navigating. cartier was also credited with giving canada its name. final voyage was in 1541. he died on september 1, 1557 during an epidemic. -
Period: to
English colonial societies
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Founding of Jamestown
Three ships were involved. The Susan Constant, The Godspeed, and The Discovery. Founded by Englishmen looking for riches to take back home. Jamestown was named after their king James I.The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. -
Mayflower
An English ship that transported the pilgrims to the new world. over 102 passengers and crew count is unknown but estimated to over 30. it is currently unknown as to where the ship was built. over 11 years prior to the pilgrims voyage captain Jones became the owner of the ship. over 26 vessels have shared the same name. boat left early September. on November 9, 1620 they spotted present day cope cod. -
john locke
John Locke (1632 - 1704) was an English philosopher of the early Age of Enlightenment. His ideas had enormous influence on the development of Epistemology and Political Philosophy, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential early Enlightenment thinkers. -
James II
the second surviving son of Charles I, best known most frequently for his struggles with the English parliament and his strategic attempts to create a sort of religious liberty for current English roman Catholics. the disputes with parliament led to English civil war. had accompany of his father at the battle of edge hill, in where he narrowly escape the parliaments army. when Charles was executed, his older brother Charles II became the new king. -
causes of Salem witch trials
The infamous Salem witch trials began during the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. As a wave of hysteria spread throughout colonial Massachusetts, a special court convened in Salem to hear the cases; the first convicted witch, Bridget Bishop, was hanged that June -
results of Salem witch trials
as the year went on, the whole hype to the witch trials began to die down. once the governor found out that his beloved wife was then accused of witchcraft, he forced the trials to end at that point. however over 20 people were burned at he stake, along with 2 dogs. one lasting effect of the witch trials was the splitting apart of families and the continuous difficulties of the accused families. -
steam machine
The first steam-powered machine was built in 1698 by the English military engineer Thomas Savery. His invention, designed to pump water out of coal mines. The machine,consisted of a simple boiler a steam chamber whose valves were located on the surface and a pipe leading to the water in the mine below. Water was heated in the boiler chamber until its steam filled the chamber, forcing out any remaining water or air. The valves were then closed and cold water was sprayed over the chamber. -
unification of England and Scotlnd
In a poorly attended Scottish Parliament the MPs voted to agree the Union and on 16 January 1707 the Act of Union was signed. The Act came into effect on May 1st 1707; the Scottish Parliament was dissolved and England and Scotland became one country. -
Act of union, changes in colonial governance
The Acts of Union in 1707, also referred to as the Union of the Parliaments, had a significant impact on the governmental and political structure of both England and Scotland. While England and Scotland were merging into a single country, additional impacts from the Acts were felt across the globe, including in the American colonies -
Period: to
colonial america
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slave codes
Slaves codes were state laws established to determine the status of slaves and the rights of their owners. Slave codes placed harsh restrictions on slaves' already limited freedoms, often in order to preempt rebellion or escape, and gave slave owners absolute power over their slaves.Set of rules based on the concept that slaves were property, not persons. -
jonathan edwards
In July 1741, Jonathan Edwards accepted an invitation to preach at the neighboring town of Enfield, Connecticut. It was the height of the Great Awakening (1740–42), one of the most intense outpourings of God’s Spirit in American history. The fire of God was falling everywhere. Despite the fact he had delivered "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" to his own congregation with little effect, he felt led to use it again at Enfield -
the ohio company of virginia
In 1747, a number of prominent Virginia planters, including two brothers of George Washington, formed the Ohio Company of Virginia, also known as the Ohio Land Company, primarily to invest in lands to the west of the Appalachian Mountains. They hoped to purchase a large tract, subdivide it and sell portions to settlers for profit. A secondary interest was to participate in the lucrative fur trade, which then was largely the preserve of the French. -
french and indian war
lasted from 1756 to 1763 thus forming a chapter in the imperial struggle between Britain and France. in the early 1750's, Frances expansion into Ohio river valley repeatedly brought it into conflict with the claims of the British colonies, especially Virginia. the tide however was turned in 1757, because William Pitt, their current leader, saw the colonial conflicts as the key to beginning to build a vast British empire. -
fort duquesnce
Fort Duquesne was a fort established by the French in 1754, at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. It was later taken over by the English, and later Americans, and developed as Pittsburgh in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Fort Duquesne was destroyed by the French, prior to English conquest -
treaty of paris 1763
The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies. In the terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there. -
Period: to
the revolutionary war
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stamp act
The Stamp Act was passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765. The new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed. -
Boston massacre
The Boston massacre was the deliberate killing of five colonists by the British soldiers on march 5th, 1770. However, it did not receive its "massacre" name until several years later in 1773. Which was then given by Paul revere in a published piece of his. Many speculations and myths have been made since then on what caused paul to make it seem bloodier then the actual battle was -
boston tea party
this famed act was seen as a protest to taxes. Due to British wanting to benefit the East India Company, the British established and repealed several tax acts in order to include the colonists within their debt. on the night of December 16th, 1773, Samuel Adams and the suns of liberty, dressed as drunk Indians, boarded British ships and threw over 342 crates of tea into the Boston Harbor. quickly resulting in the punishing by the coercive acts, established and later repealed by the British. -
paul revere
an american silversmith, engraver, early industrialist, and american patriot in the american revolution. by the age of 41, revere became an aspiring silversmith, when British armies ere seen as a threat, Joseph warren sent revere to warn the Massachusetts provincial province. one week later, General Gage received instruction to disarm the rebels. riding throughout present day Somerville, med-ford, and Arlington, revere warned all of the patriots along her way. -
battle of concord
The Battle of Concord was a military conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and its thirteen colonies in North America during the American Revolutionary War. the Battle of Concord took place on Wednesday, April 19, 1775. The battlefield in which the British and American Forces fought during the Battle of Concord was located in the town of Concord, Middlesex County, Massachusetts. The Battle of Concord ended in victory for the American colonists. -
Dunmores proclamation
Dunmore's Proclamation is a historical document signed on November 7, 1775, by John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, royal governor of the British Colony of Virginia. The proclamation declared martial law and promised freedom for slaves of American revolutionaries who left their owners and joined the royal forces.
its publication prompted a flood of slaves from both patriot and loyalist owners to run away and enlist with Dunmore. between 80,000 and 100,000 slaves escaped from the plantations -
common sense
Published in 1776, Common Sense challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. The plain language that Paine used spoke to the common people of America and was the first work to openly ask for independence from Great Britain -
Massachusetts constitution
The Massachusetts Constitution is the oldest functioning constitution in American history and heavily influenced the United States Constitution. It was drafted by John Adams in 1779. It was ratified on June 15, 1780 and officially became effective on October 25, 1780. There were four parts to this document; a preamble, declaration of rights, how the framework of the government would work, and articles of amendments. It also introduced the concept that all men are born equal and certain rights. -
articles of confederation
The Articles of Confederation was the first written constitution of the United States. Stemming from wartime urgency, its progress was slowed by fears of central authority and extensive land claims by states before was it was ratified on March 1, 1781. Under these articles, the states remained sovereign and independent, with Congress serving as the last resort on appeal of disputes. Congress was also given the authority to make treaties and alliances, maintain armed forces and coin money. -
shays rebellion
During the American Revolution, farmers had to take out loans to support their farm. However, they didn't have enough money to pay them back so their properties were getting seized. Daniel Shay led a group of veterans to protest for the return of their land. Since the Articles of Confederation didn't have an army/someway to deal with these situations, George Washington took the situation into his own hands and put down the rebellion. This showed how weak the Articles of Confederation were. -
the great debate
The Great Debate was a series of debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists. They couldn't agree on components of the Constitution. The Federalists were supporters of keeping the Constitution how it was. They didn't want the Bill of Rights and wanted a powerful central government. However, Anti-Federalists believed that the states should have more power and believed the Bill of Rights was necessary. The Federalists will end up winning and the Constitution becomes the law of the land. -
three branches
Our federal government has three parts. They are the Executive, Legislative (Senate and House of Representatives) and Judicial (Supreme Court and lower Courts). The President of the United States administers the Executive Branch of our government. -
Period: to
the constitution
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northwest ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance, adopted July 13, 1787, by the Second Continental Congress, chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory -
constitutional convention
The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia. After Shay's Rebellion revealed just how weak the Articles of Confederation were, delegates decided to gather and try to make this document stronger. They knew they didn't have the power to control commerce, tax, no central force to defend and enforce. They also wanted to figure out how to pay their debt from the Revolutionary War. As the Constitution was being written, the executive branch was given more power than was originally thought. -
election of 1788
The election of 1788 was the first presidential election in American history. When the two men would run, whoever came in first place would become the president while second place would become the vice president. In this case, George Washington came in first and his vice president became John Adams. Washington was greatly admired for his role in the American Revolution and many people idolized him, even seeing him as a god-like figure. He was inaugurated in New York City on April 30, 1788. -
Period: to
new republic
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whiskey rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was the Constitution's first test to see how strong it was. In Kentucky and Pennsylvania, farmers would sell whiskey on the side and make a large profit. However, Hamilton decided the farmers should start getting taxed on these sales. The smaller producers would get taxed a higher price which they didn't think was fair. The farmers revolted and threatened to attack Pittsburgh. George Washington was able to gather an army to
control the situation and stop the farmers. -
Bill of rights
The Bill of Rights are the first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution. They were supported by the Anti-Federalists. These amendments were introduced by James Madison who was strongly influenced by Virginia Declaration of Rights.They were made to place limits on the central government. When Madison went through the Constitution and started making changes, several Representatives argued that Congress had no power to change the wording of the document. Therefore, his changes became amendments. -
cotton gin
In 1794, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber. By the mid-19th century, cotton had become America’s leading export. Also, his invention offered Southern planters a justification to maintain and expand slavery. -
jays treaty
On November 19, 1794 representatives of the United States and Great Britain signed Jay’s Treaty, which sought to settle outstanding issues between the two countries that had been left unresolved since American independence. The treaty proved unpopular with the American public but did accomplish the goal of maintaining peace between the two nations and preserving U.S. neutrality. -
pinckneys treaty
The treaty was an important diplomatic success for the United States. It resolved territorial disputes between the two countries and granted American ships the right to free navigation of the Mississippi River as well as duty-free transport through the port of New Orleans, then under Spanish control. -
iron plow
is a farm tool with one or more heavy blades that breaks the soil and cuts a furrow (small ditch) for sowing seeds.The first real inventor of the practical plow was Charles Newbold of Burlington County, New Jersey. -
election of 1800
The election of 1800 between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson was an emotional and hard-fought campaign. Each side believed that victory by the other would ruin the nation. -
second great awakening
The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement.both blacks and women began to participate in evangelical revivals associated with the Second Great Awakening at the end of the 18th century. -
Period: to
the age of Jefferson
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Marbury Vs.Madison
Marbury v. Madison, is a landmark case by the United States Supreme Court which forms the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. The landmark decision helped define the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches of the American form of government. -
Louisiana purchase
With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States purchased approximately 828,000,000 square miles of territory from France, thereby doubling the size of the young republic. What was known as Louisiana Territory stretched from the Mississippi River in the east to the Rocky Mountains in the west and from the Gulf of Mexico in the south to the Canadian border in the north. -
embargo act of 1807
The Embargo Act of 1807 was an attempt by President Thomas Jefferson and the U.S. Congress to punish Britain and France for interfering with American trade while the two major European powers were at war with each other. -
war of 1812
In the War of 1812, the United States took on the greatest naval power in the world, Great Britain.Causes of the war included British attempts to restrict U.S. trade, the Royal Navy’s impressment of American seamen and America’s desire to expand its territory. -
Period: to
the american industrial revolution
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adams onis treaty
The Adams–Onís Treaty was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain. It settled a standing border dispute between the two countries and was considered a triumph of American diplomacy. -
McCuloch Vs. Maryland
was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. -
Missouri crisis
a crisis over slavery erupted with stunning suddenness. It was, Thomas Jefferson wrote, like "a firebell in the night." The crisis was ignited by Missouri's application for statehood and it involved the status of slavery west of the Mississippi River. East of the Mississippi, the Ohio River formed a boundary between slave states and free states. West of the Mississippi, there was no clear line demarcating the boundary between free and slave territory. -
textile
Textile consists of filaments or fibres. To make textile, you need yarns or filaments. Fabric is processed by knitting or weaving, thus creating a cloth. This fabric is made into textile products.Textiles were the main industry of the Industrial Revolution as far as employment, value of output and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods. -
charles grandison finney
Charles Grandison Finney was an American Presbyterian minister and leader in the Second Great Awakening in the United States. He has been called The Father of Modern Revivalism.he was an American lawyer, president of Oberlin College, and a central figure in the religious revival movement of the early 19th century.Charles Grandison Finney was also the most famous revivalist of the Second Great Awakening -
waltham system
ecause the mule spinning typical of the area required both heavy and light work. A second system, called the Waltham system, was introduced in Waltham, Massachusetts, by Francis Cabot Lowell and the Boston Associates. It employed women in their late teens and early twenties who worked in large factories. Housed in dormitories or boarding houses, they remained under the careful supervision of matrons who kept any taint of disreputability from the young women -
monroe doctrine
Proclamation in 1823 by President James Monroe. Basically, it warned European nations not to get involved in political matters in Central and South America. The Doctrine was intended to show that the United States was the only country that could influence such political matters. -
age of common man
This period constituted great change and issues warranting debate, such as slavery, Indians, westward mobility, and balance of power between the executive and the legislative branches of government. The United States had no strict class system. Most Americans identified themselves into the middle class. The common man now had the right to vote, without the distinction of owning land, nominating candidates to office, and rewarding the politicians that represented the common man’s interests. -
Period: to
age of jackson
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Thomas Cole
Thomas Cole was an English-born American artist known for his landscape and history paintings. He is regarded as the founder of the Hudson River School, an American art movement that flourished in the mid-19th century.Thomas Cole inspired the generation of American landscape painters that came to be known as the Hudson River School. Thomas Cole created landscape paintings unlike any yet seen. -
election of 1824
In the United States presidential election of 1824, John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9, 1825, after the election was decided by the House of Representatives. ... In this election, the Democratic-Republican Party splintered as four separate candidates sought the presidency -
temperance movement
The Temperance movement is a social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Temperance movements typically criticize alcohol intoxication, promote complete abstinence (teetotalism), or use its political influence to press the government to enact alcohol laws to regulate the availability of alcohol or even its complete prohibition. -
joseph smith
Joseph Smith Jr. was an American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement. When he was twenty-four, Smith published the Book of MormonJoseph Smith was the founder and first president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He and five associates formally organized the Church at Fayette, New York, on 6 April 1830 He presided over the Church until 27 June 1844,when he was martyred. Under his leadership, Church membership grew from six to over 26,000.. -
Cherokee vs. Georgia
The Cherokee Nation was seeking a federal injunction against laws that were passed by the state of Georgia. These laws were very hateful; they deprived the Cherokee Nation of receiving basic human rights within their own tribal boundaries.The United States Supreme Court in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia ruled that the tribe did not possess original jurisdiction. -
trail of tears
nearly 125,000 Native Americans lived on millions of acres of land in Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina and Florida,land their ancestors had occupied and cultivated for generations. Working on behalf of white settlers who wanted to grow cotton on the Indians’ land, the federal government forced them to leave their homelands and walk thousands of miles to a specially designated “Indian territory” across the Mississippi River. -
nat turners rebellion
Nat Turner's Rebellion was a slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, during August 1831. Led by Nat Turner, rebel slaves killed from 55 to 65 people, the largest and deadliest slave uprising in U.S. history.Nat Turner's rebellion was one of the bloodiest and most effective in American history. It ignited a culture of fear in Virginia that eventually spread to the rest of the South, and is said to have expedited the coming of the Civil War. -
election of 1832
It saw incumbent President Andrew Jackson,candidate of the Democratic Party,easily win re-election against Henry Clay of Kentucky,candidate of the National Republican Party,and Anti-Masonic Party candidate William wort.Jackson won 219 of the 286 electoral votes cast.This election was a unique one by the standards of the time.It was the first time that the respected parties would hold nominating conventions.It also included,for the first time,the introduction of a third party,the Anti-Masons. -
tariff of 1832
The Tariff of 1832 was another protective tariff that was passed on July 14, 1832 to reduced the existing tariffs as remedy for the conflict created by the 1828 tax referred to as the Tariff of Abominations. The remedial effects of the Tariff of 1832 was a compromise but failed to pacify Southerners leading to the Nullification Crisis. -
american anti slavery society
The American Anti-Slavery Society was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings -
New York female reform society
The New York Female Moral Reform Society was established in 1834 under the female leadership of Lydia A. Finney,wife of revivalist Charles Grandison Finney.The NYFMRS was created for the fundamental purpose of preventing prostitution in early 19th century New York.Moral reform became a prominent issue in America during the 1830s and 1840s and many organizations were created during this time to eliminate prostitution and the sexual double standard,and to also encourage sexual abstinence. -
election of 1836
United States election held in 1836,in which Democrat Martin Van Buren defeated several Whig Party candidates led by William Henry Harrison.As the third consecutive election victory for the Democratic Party,it ushered incumbent Vice President Martin Van Buren into the White House with 170 electoral votes to 124 electoral votes for William Henry Harrison and other Whigs.The popular vote was closer;Martin Van Buren attracted 764,000 votes to the 738,000 won by the various Whig candidates. -
panic of 1837
The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis in the United States that touched off a major recession that lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up.The Panic of 1837 was one such incident involving an unstable currency and financial system resulting in a lack of confidence in both government and the banks -
Period: to
cultural changes
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Period: to
westward expansion
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oregon trail
American fur trappers and missionary groups had been living in the region for decades.The first overland immigrants to Oregon, intending primarily to farm, came in 1841 when a small band of 70 pioneers left Independence, Missouri. They followed a route blazed by fur traders, which took them west along the Platte River through the Rocky Mountains via the easy South Pass in Wyoming and then northwest to the Columbia River. In the years to come, pioneers came to call the route the Oregon Trail. -
telegraph
Developed in the 1830s and 1840s by Samuel Morse (1791-1872) and other inventors, the telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication. It worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. In addition to helping invent the telegraph, Samuel Morse developed a code that assigned a set of dots and dashes to each letter of the English alphabet and allowed for the simple transmission of complex messages across telegraph lines -
mexican american war
The Mexican-American War marked the first U.S.armed conflict fought on foreign soil.It pitted a politically divided and militarily unprepared Mexico against the expansionist-minded administration of U.S. President James K. Polk, who believed the United States had a “manifest destiny” to spread across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. A border skirmish along the Rio Grande started off the fighting and was followed by a series of U.S. victories. -
battle of palo alto
On May 8, 1846, shortly before the United States formally declared war on Mexico, General Zachary Taylor defeated a superior Mexican force in the Battle of Palo Alto. The battle took place north of the Rio Grande River near present-day Brownsville, Texas.The Battle of Palo Alto was the first major battle of the Mexican–American War and was fought on May 8, 1846, on disputed ground five miles from the modern-day city of Brownsville, Texas. -
manifest destiny
Manifest Destiny is a term for the attitude prevalent during the 19th century period of American expansion that the United States not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. This attitude helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico. The phrase was first employed by John L. O’Sullivan in an article on the annexation of Texas published in the July-August 1845 edition of the United States Magazine and Democratic Review, which he edited. -
California gold rush
The discovery of gold nuggets in the Sacramento Valley in early 1848 sparked the Gold Rush, one of the most significant events to shape American history during the first half of the 19th century As news spread of the discovery,thousands of prospective gold miners traveled by sea or over land to San Francisco and the surrounding area. A total of $2 billion worth of precious metal was extracted from the area during the Gold Rush, which peaked in 1852. -
Period: to
sectionalism
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treaty of guadalupe hidalgo
The war officially ended with the February 2, 1848, signing in Mexico of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming.Officially entitled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic. -
seneca falls movement
a woman’s rights convention–the first ever held in the United States–convenes with almost 200 women in attendance. The convention was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two abolitionists who met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. As women, Mott and Stanton were barred from the convention floor, and the common indignation that this aroused in both of them was the impetus for their founding of the women’s rights movement in the United States. -
election of 1848
The United States presidential election of 1848 was the 16th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1848. It was won by Zachary Taylor of the Whig Party, who ran against Lewis Cass of the Democratic Party and former President Martin Van Buren of the newly formed Free Soil Party. Passed President James K. Polk, having achieved all of his major objectives in one term and suffering from declining health, kept his promise not to seek re-election. -
compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 consists of five laws passed in September of 1850 that dealt with the issue of slavery.California requested permission to enter the Union as a free state;upsetting the balance between the free and slave states in the U.S. Senate.Senator Henry Clay introduced a series of resolutions on January 29,1850,in an attempt to seek a compromise and fix crisis between North and South. -
zachary taylor
Zachary Taylor, a general and national hero in the United States Army from the time of the Mexican-American War and the War of 1812, was elected the 12th U.S. President, serving from March 1849 until his death in July 1850.Before his presidency, Taylor was a career officer in the United States Army, rising to the rank of major general.At the time he became President, Zachary Taylor was the most popular man in America, a hero of the Mexican-American War. -
fugitive slave act
The Fugitive Slave Law or Fugitive Slave Act was passed by the United States Congress on September 18,1850,as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave-holding interests and Northern Free. Abolitionists nicknamed it the "Bloodhound Law"for the dogs that were used to track down runaway slaves.The act required that slaves be returned to their owners,even if they were in a free state.The act also made the federal government responsible for finding,returning and trying escaped slaves. -
uncle toms cabin
Uncle Tom's Cabin is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe.The novel featured the character of Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave around whom the stories of other characters revolve. The sentimental novel depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome something as destructive as enslavement of fellow human beings.Uncle Tom's Cabin was the best-selling novel of the 19th century and the second best-selling book of that century, -
underground railroad
The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early-to-mid 19th century, and used by African-American slaves to escape into free states and Canada with the aid of abolitionists and allies who were sympathetic to their cause.The term is also applied to the abolitionists, both black and white, free and enslaved, who aided the fugitives.Various other routes led to Mexico or overseas -
john brown's raid
On the evening of October 16,1859 John Brown,a staunch abolitionist,and a group of his supporters left their farmhouse hide-out en route to Harpers Ferry.Descending upon the town in the early hours of October 17th,Brown and his men captured prominent citizens and seized the federal armory and arsenal. Brown had hopes that the local slave population would join the raid and through the raid’s success weapons would be supplied to slaves and freedom fighters throughout the country;this was not to be -
army of the potomac
The Army of the Potomac was the principal Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in June 1865 following the surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in April.Was the Union's primary army operating in the East..Despite having superior numbers, the Army of the Potomac suffered numerous defeats during the war's first years. -
george McClellan
George Brinton McClellan is often remembered as the great organizer of the Union Army of the Potomac.Was immensely popular with the men who served under his command. His military command style, however, put him at odds with President Abraham Lincoln,and would ultimately upset his military and political fortunes.
McClellan began his military career after entering the United States Military Academy in 1842. He graduated second in a class of 59 in 1846. -
Period: to
the civil war
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Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis.In doing so, he preserved the Union, paved the way for the abolition of slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. -
twenty negro act
The Twenty Negro Law is legislation enacted by the Confederate Congress during the Civil War. The law allowed white men to be exempted from military service if he owned twenty+ slaves. This was a rsponse to President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. The law addressed the Confederate's fear of slave rebellion due to so many white men being absent from home as they were busy fighting in the Confederate army. Many poor Southern white men opposed the law since they didn't own any slaves. -
neutral states
The Border states, also known as the Neutral States, were not part of either the Union or Confederate. They were the states of: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware. Both Southern and Northern States tried to persuade the states to join their side through different methods; the South agreed to help industrialize them by using them to produce their weaponry whereas the North gave the border states easy access to Midwest Rivers and allowed them to keep their slaves during the Civil War. -
battle of vicksburg
Ulysses S. Grant’s Army converged on Vicksburg on the Mississippi River,investing the city,trapping a Confederate army under John Pemberton.The Union occupation of the town was critical to control of the strategic river. Grant's bold 6-week campaign began in early June and took his army south through Arkansas opposite Vicksburg, crossed the river 30 miles below the city, captured the Mississippi capital of Jackson, turned west and pushed Pemberton's army into Vicksburg itself. -
battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war's turning point.. George Meade's Army of the Potomac defeated attacks by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, halting Lee's invasion of the North. -
election of 1864
The United States presidential election of 1864, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1864. In this match, incumbent president Republican Abraham Lincoln ran for reelection against Democratic candidate George B. McClellan, who wanted to bring the American Civil War to a speedy end. The abolitionist John C. Frémont challenged Lincoln on the left as the Radical Democracy Party candidate but withdrew from the race in September. Lincoln was re-elected president by a landslide in the Electoral College. -
forty acres and a mule
The Forty Acres and a Mule plan refers to a promise made for agrarian reform for former enslaved black farmers by Union General William Sherman. It would follow a series of conversations between Edwin M. Stanton, Charles Sumner, and Thaddeus Stevens and disruptions to the institution of Slavery sparked by the American Civil War. Those who were freed would legally be able to claim 40 acres of land and a mule after the end of the war. -
black codes
In the United States, the Black Codes were laws passed by Democrat-controlled Southern states in 1865 and 1866, and ended in 1877 because of the Reconstruction after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. Black Codes were part of a larger pattern of Southern whites trying to suppress the new freedom of emancipated African American slaves, the freedmen. -
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reconstruction
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scalawags
Scalawags was also a tern used for southerners who were working with the North to buy land overtime from desperate south settlers. This was also the name given for people who supported the federal plan of the decision of reconstruction. The main purpose of the scalawags was to turn in their own people and kind, they wanted to gain financial power through political advances. The scalawags were known to be successful and came from wealth and a good social structure, but many were raised in poverty -
14th amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment addresses many aspects of citizenship and the rights of citizens.All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. -
15th amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". It was ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and last of the Reconstruction Amendments.In the final years of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction Era that followed, Congress repeatedly debated the rights of the millions of black former slaves. -
jim crow laws
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted by white Democratic-dominated state legislatures in the late 19th century after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued to be enforced until 1965. They mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America, starting in 1896 with a "separate but equal" status for African Americans in railroad cars. -
compromise of 1877
Allies of the Republican Party candidate Rutherford Hayes met in secret with moderate southern Democrats in order to negotiate acceptance of Hayes’ election.The Democrats agreed not to block Hayes’ victory on the condition that Republicans withdraw all federal troops from the South,consolidating Democratic control over the region.As a result of the so-called Compromise of 1877,Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina became Democratic once again,marking the end of the Reconstruction era.
