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2600 BCE
Mayans (Mesoamerica)
The Maya Civilization is an ancient culture that developed in a Southern Mexican region, Yucatan. They farmed using the slash and burn technique and were noted for their hieroglyphic writing which was the only known fully developed language. They were known for their astronomical system, art and math systems. They also had a sacrifice order that was very useful in trying to please the Gods. They had a sophisicated population but they were able to become advanced and superior in many things. -
Period: 1490 BCE to
Age Of Exploration
The Age of Exploration was a time period when Europeans explored new parts of the world for trading and conquering, this is the time when Euro culture began to florish. -
500
The Dark Ages
The Dark ages (Middle Ages), refer to the five centuries after the collapse of the Romans. During this time the population decreased because of many invasions from central Europe. Also, the absence of a neutral nation led to the expansion of a feudal system. New, a religious movement which is a form of a religious way of living in poverty and celibacy evolved and grew throughout the medieval church. As a result, the Catholic church is to blame for the religious corruption of the Dark Ages. -
1095
The Crusades
The Crusades were one of many military wars lasting over 200 years. Over this time the Church launched 8 different Crusade operations by Western European Christians to take control of the Land of the Muslims. Many people were raped and forced to convert to Christianity. If they resisted, they were executed. The reason for the crusades were because the Christians believed that it was thought that Jesus was said to have lived and taught there and that it was unholy for Muslims to remain there. -
1347
The Black Death
The Black Death (Bubonic Plague) started in China and spread quickly to Europe in the 1350s. Started by diseased flies on rats that came on wagons through Europe. It was easy to spread because European towns were small, crowded, and very dirty. There was also a lack of medical awareness that could slow the spread. Almost 1/3 of the population died within 50 years. There were fewer people to work, resulting in famine. A religious hate in the Church for the disease caused a decline in Catholicism. -
1400
The Renaissance
A cultural revival that occurred from the 14th century to the 17th century, started in Italy and covered the rest of Europe in the late Middle Ages. It revived the ancient literature, art, and intellect of Ancient Greece and Rome. Even though the Renaissance is known for its reconstructions in writing and music as well as political and social change, it is best known for its artistic improvements and the contributions of creative artist such as Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci. -
Oct 12, 1492
Christopher Columbus discovers the Caribbean Islands
Christopher Columbus wanted to reach the East Indies by voyaging west across the Atlantic Ocean.However, he miscalculated the size of the Earth. There were two previously undiscovered continents that separated Spain and the East Indies. On October 12 he discovered the Caribbean Islands accidentally and believed he had reached the East Indies. This event is vital to history because if Columbus had not found the region the land would still be hidden to Europe and would change how we view the world -
Jan 1, 1493
The Colombian Exchange
Starting in early 1493, Columbus brought almost 1,200 settlers and a variety of European plants and animals. Europeans found new foods and transported them back to the Old World. Plus, old plants from Europe were taken to the New World. On the other hand, it brought a handful of diseases like smallpox. This is an important event because the Columbian Exchange made Europeans have new foods to eat, also it helped Natives hunt better with the introduction of horses into the New World. -
Jun 7, 1494
The Treaty of Tordesillas
The Treaty of Tordesillas is an agreement between Portugal and Spain which stated that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. The importance of the treaty is that it affected the world's colonies, culture and discoveries and it provided Portugal with a part of eastern South America, even though Spain came out with a lot of more land and resources to thrive. -
1500
Caribbean Colonies (Sugar)
The Carribean Colonies consisted their economy mostly of trade in the early centuries and with business comes product. They had sugar cane developed in many different parts of the Caribbean from Jamaica to Barbados. Barbados was the wealthiest colony in the Caribbeans until the sugar collapse which overwhelmed the Caribbean and since not many people wanted to endure the long process it required the transportation of irregularly provided African slaves which would do the process for the people. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther (Reformation)
Martin Luther is a German monk who was born on November 10, 1483. He became one of the most notable critics of the Catholic Church. On October 31, 1517, Thanks to the Printing Press he wrote 95 theses and nailed them to the door of Wittenberg Castle in which everybody could read which was to display his annoyance with some of the Church's ministry abuses, most important the sale of indulgences which was to pay yourself into heaven. This eventually led to the birth of the Protestant Reformation. -
Chesapeake Colonies
In 1607, the first surviving British colony was in Jamestown in the Chesapeake Bay region. The establishment called the Virginia Company created The Chesapeake Colonies that were the states of Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Their products ran through the advancement of Tobacco that saved the colony and spread its pattern throughout the other colonies. The colonies purpose was mainly to be a support system for settlers who would come to America and thrive on farming their own product. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
English Colonial Societies in the early ages of the United States had a social group with cultural and economic statuses, roles, languages, clothes, and behavior. -
New England Colony( Plymouth)
Plymouth is an English community in the upper eastern United States it was established in 1620 by colonists including a group of Puritan separatists referred to as Pilgrims.They came on the Mayflower and established in America with John Smith as captain for religious freedom but their colony had severe conditions.Though more than half of the settlers died during that first winter, the survivors were able to secure treaties with nearby tribes and build a sufficient community within five years. -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Colony is an English settlement on the eastern coast of America in the 17th century around the harbor of Massachusetts Bay, John Winthrop was the first governor of the Colony and an important person among the Puritans of New England.The economy of the colony was mainly fur trading, fishing, lumber, and shipbuilding with small towns with a town center and self-sufficient farms. The colony formed political rights and a rep. government. Massachusetts Bay made a colony;Boston. -
Maryland Colony (Proprietary Colony)
The Maryland Colony was founded by George Calvert in 1633 with Lord Baltimore and other colonists, at Baltimore. Maryland was planned to be a shelter for oppressed Catholics and to make a profit from agriculture resources. It Gained success with tobacco farming and the use of cotton. As a southern colony, its main economic wealth came from its slave labored plantations that sufficiently provided goods. Maryland was a proprietary colony which meant it was admitted rights of a self-government. -
Anne Hutchinson(Massachusetts)
Anne Hutchinson is a religious philosopher whose views sparked an extreme religious and political crisis in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1636 and 1638. She questioned the teachings of Massachusetts's religious and political system. Her ideas became known as the Antinomian Controversy, a belief that Christians are not forced by morals. She was later expelled from the colony, along with her family and followers, and went and settled at Rhode Island. She was later killed by Native Americans -
The Atlantic Slave Trade(Slavery)
The Transatlantic Slave Trade is a large trading system between English main colonies, the West Indies, and the African shore. Molasses is traded from the Indies up to the colonies where it is made into rum. The rum is traded to Africa in exchange for African slaves who were traded in the Indies for more molasses.
It brought a large system of trade that excited both the colonies and the Indies and on the mainland as well as bringing slaves to the Indies and back up to the mainland for labor. -
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution was a bloodless overthrow of King James II from 1688-1689 when they organized William and Mary of Orange to be new rulers. The effects were felt worldwide as it had ended most of what Britain had put in the position to control the colonies and had given the reason for the American Revolution through the writings of John Locke. Colonies wanted their charters back that had been taken during the rule. In America, Puritans started their own revolutions in response to England -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials in Massachusetts developed in February 1692 through May 1693, started when Tituba, Sarah Goode, and Sarah Osborne claimed to be possessed and affected by witchcraft.They started to accuse people of witchcraft throughout the town. Over 150 people were arrested and imprisoned with even more not being caught by the authorities. By the time the trials were over, 20 people were hanged or beheaded.It showed how crooked and corrupt the Puritans were in their search for witches. -
Triangular Trade
The Triangular Trade over the Atlantic was a series of trade routes that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas.First, merchant ships shipped European goods to Africa. Then, the goods were traded for slaves and the slaves were sailed to the Americas. In the Americas, the slaves were traded for raw goods like sugar or rum which were brought to Europe, finishing the process.This was significant because it helped the economy and it helped the countries get goods to people that they didn't have. -
Act of Union(1707)
The Act of Union were two acts of parliament combining Britain and Scotland into one nation that they intended to further the conflict with England and France. It still let Scotland sustain some of their old establishments so that they didn't lose all power. This is important for the future because of over 300 years later, this act is still in place and has changed the government showing the importance of the document. -
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Colonial America
Colonial America was a period of many changes that made social, political, and economic dominance. -
The Enlightenment
The American Enlightenment was a time in which intellectual burst in the Thirteen Colonies in throughout 1714-1858, which led to the Revolution and the American Republic. Intelligent philosophers had the understanding that people could be changed through reasonable change. Through this Enlightenment, the production of many books, discoveries, theories, wars, and revolutions characterized history. It gave freedom and rights to the common people and made U.S have a new understanding of science. -
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening,(First great Awakening), was a religious renewal in the 1720s- 1740s that happened in Europe and North American colonies.The restoration was a shift among Christians who were responding to a number of religious circumstances in the colonies. After the Church of England as the ruling church of the country. Other religions were declining causing a spiritual dryness with the people. This event was the most important with American religion because it solidified the bond of faith. -
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War(Seven Years War) was a battle between Britain, North America, Indian support and France. It started in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763.The importance of the treaty preserved colonist from Indian attacks and protected Indian lands., the war let Great Britain gain great territory in North America but left many political debates which in result, Britain rolled out a new policy to defeat France. The French and Indian War ultimaltey led ot the American R. -
Salutary Neglect
Salutary Neglect is a plan of the British government about its American colonies in which trade laws for the colonies were loosely enforced and royal guidance of colonial events was loose as long as the colonies remained faithful to the British government and helped the economy of Britain.This said that American Colonies can benefit by trading with other countries and to operate independently from Britain, both economically & socially. Imporant :because this idea eventually led to the Revolution -
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The Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War is a global war that led to the declared independence of the United States Of America. -
The Revenue Act (The Sugar Act)
The Sugar Act is a result of George Greenville and the minister of Great Britain demanding the thirteen colonies taxed and regulatied to pay for the debt they had for the French and Indian War.The Sugar Act of 1764, which placed a number of new revenues, taxed most shipped goods and also contained plans directed at preventing molasses thieves. The colonists were upset that they had to pay more for goods and eventually led to the start of the Revolutionary War. -
Boston Massacre
Begun by a colonial revolt as a result of British taxing tea, glass, paper, and a number of other goods.The Colonists started to call the British soldiers names.The soldiers became angry and started smashing colonists property. Colonists became even angrier and started forming crowds and throwing rocks at the soldiers. British soldiers fired into the crowd killing five Colonists. It made the anger between the two groups worse, As a result, Parliament began to partially repeal the Townshend Acts. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was an action by colonists in Boston, a town in the British colony of Massachusetts, against the British government and the failing East India Company that controlled all the tea coming into the colonies. Finally, on the night of December 16, 1773, colonists dressed as Indians went onto the ships and threw chests of tea overboard. Parliament, outraged by the destruction of British property, ordered the Coercive Acts, called the “Intolerable Acts” by the colonists in 1774. -
1st Continental Congress
A group of members from twelve of the thirteen colonies that met at Carpenter's Hall in Pennsylvania as a response to the Coercive Acts. All of the colonies, except Georgia, sent a total of fifty-six representatives.The First Continental Congress was significant because the boycotts were successful in the nonexportation of goods to Britain, The importance of the convention was the first try of America to join under a known cause towards the removal from the British Empire. -
The Battle of Lexington and Concord
The battles were between the American colonists and the British. The war started because General George hears the colonists have many guns and ammunition in Concord. He sends the Redcoats to go capture the weapons and jail the leaders of the rebellion, but Paul Revere and the Sons of Liberty get word of this and set out to warn the colonists.The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shot considered the "shot heard around the world" was fired in Lexington, starting the war and colonists winning -
The Declaration of Independence
The Declaration Of Independence was a document adopted by the Continental Congress, written by Thomas Jefferson, he listed all the injustices done by the king and declared that the colonies wanted to separate from Great Britain on July 4, 1776. John Hancock was the first signer and signed his name very large so that the king could not avoid it. Some main ideas involved in the document would be Inalienable rights, unfair laws and taxes, and that England violated the social contract. -
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The Constitutional Era
During the Constitutional Era, Americans made attempts to establish a workable government based on republican ethics. -
Common Sense
Common Sense was a booklet written by Thomas Paine. This pamphlet is recognized as one of the most influential booklets in history, this helped undecided colonists to become Patriots. Paine's book includes detailed reasons and general reflective observations about the government and religion. Paine basically tells the colonists to fight for their freedom and not to jump on the British side just because they're winning. He tells them that with all this hard work will come to an even glorious win. -
Treaty of Paris(1783)
The Treaty of Paris (1783) was signed in Paris, France by legislators of King George III of Great Britain, as it was an agreement between the United States and Great Britain to end the Revolutionary war and approve the U.S as a self-sufficient new nation.The Continental Congress sent five people to arrange the treaty, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Laurens.That set the independence of the United States of America from Great Britain. -
Shays Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion is the nickname given to a set of rebellions from 1786 to late 1787 by Americans farmers against taxes and assessments for debt. Shays Rebellion began when the government of Massachusetts voted to raise taxes instead of assigning paper money to pay off the debts. The taxes dropped heavy on farmers, especially poor farmers in the part of western Massachusetts. As the depression grew worse, many found it difficult to pay their taxes as well as their mortgages and debts. -
Three Branches of Government
The New U.S. Constitution made the three branches of Government, which was written in the first 7 articles by James Madison. For instance, Article 1 made the legislative branch or Congress, Article 2 created the judiciary branch and Article 3 created the executive branch. The Federal government is comprised of the branch's powers and are supported through the U.S. Constitution, Congress, The President, and federal courts including the Supreme court to ensure separation of powers. -
Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan is a plan of government in which it offered a strong central government made of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial.The government acts only on the states, not the people directly. It gives the Legislative branch the right to make laws.The Virginia Plan supported the large states, which would have a greater voice. On the other hand, the small states introduced the New Jersey Plan. In the end, the two sides found similar bills through the Connecticut Compromise. -
New Jersey Plan
The New Jersey Plan (Small State Plan) was a proposition for the United States Government introduced by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787. It was Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it had a single Congress in which each state had one vote. This made a dispute with representation between bigger states, who wanted control benefiting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied by larger states.Congress expanded powers to regulate trade. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance described the method in which new states could be allowed into the Union from the Northwest Territory. The law prohibited slavery in the territory but admitted residents to vote on the right of slavery once states were established. They said that regions of land were related to certain colonies for a while, and under the command of the Government. Once a town was settled by 60,000 people then Congress would declare it a state. The first thirteen colonies were charters. -
Connecticut Plan
The Connecticut Plan is an agreement that large and small states joined during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part described the lawmaking structure and that each state would have under the United States Constitution. It preserved the legislature as stated by Sherman, along with a equal representation of the states in the lower house, but wanted the upper house to be equal between the states. Each state had two representatives in the upper house. -
Election of 1788
The United States election of 1788–89 was the first presidential election. It was led under the new Constitution, which had been approved earlier in 1788. In the election, George Washington was unanimously elected for the first of his two terms as president, and John Adams became the first VP. George Washington was the central one in this election. The importance of the Election of 1788 is that we now have orginization in our government to where laws can be made and planned out and executed. -
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The New Republic
The New Republic is a series of acts and proclamations that helped shape America to a prosperous future. -
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights is a document that states the common name for the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, which restricted the power of the Federal government. Significant because these restrictions preserved the natural rights of liberty and property such as freedom of religion, speech, free press, free assembly, free association, as well as the right to keep and bear arms. Presented to Congress by James Madison as a group of legislative reports. -
Whiskey Rebellion
In 1794, settlers in Pennsylvania revolted against Hamilton's tax on whiskey, and many officers were killed in the riots caused by their efforts to help arrest warrants for the offenders. In October 1794, the army, led by George Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly completely to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion. -
Bank of the United States
The Bank of the United States was first chartered by the US Congress after being offered by Alexander Hamilton ( The Secretary of the Treasury) in 1790. The plan for the bank was to handle the financial needs and terms of the new central government of the recently developed United States. This is important as previously the 13 colonies each had their own banks, money, financial institutions, and systems. The Bank was intentillay set for a 20-year contract. -
Jay's Treaty
Jays Treaty is a deal that addressed the differences in the British and the US. The British were taking American ships, impressing American sailors and causing problems in the west. In order to stop a war, Washington asked the Senate to change this treaty. In the treaty, the British promised to remove troops from American territory and to establish an agreement to settle financial claims of Americans against Britain and the British against the United States. The deal was very disliked in America -
Pickney's Treaty
Pickneys Treaty is Spain scared by the Jay Treaty started a secret Anglo American union to take Spanish territories in North America, primarily Florida and the Louisiana area.
This treaty resulted in: organizing the Mississippi as the western border and the 31st parallel as the southern border of the U.S.This was significant because of the importance of New Orleans and the Mississippi, the main source of transport of goods and people between the Ohio Valley and the East coast. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Alien and Sedition acts were signed by John Adams in 1798. The Acts were made of four principal laws given by the Federalist Congress as the Americans prepared for war with France. The acts would improve the requirement for American citizenship from five to fourteen years, authorized the president to jail or deport aliens who were a threat to America, and limited speech dangerous of the government. They were also designed to silence the Democrat-Republican party. -
Kentucky Resolutions
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were statements created in 1789, in which the Kentucky and Virginia lawmakers took the view that the Alien and Sedition Acts were illegal.These were secretly made to get the benefits back taken away from the Alien and Sedition Acts. These also made the later theory which gave the states more power than the federal government. The resolutions said that the states had the right and the duty to say illegal acts of Congress that were not in the Constitution. -
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Sectionalism
A devotion to one geographic region over the country as a whole, lead to the civil war between the North and South in the 1860s -
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The Age of Jefferson
The Age of Jefferson is a minimal proponent of democracy that helped that motivate American colonists to help Thomas Jefferson into presidency -
Louisiana Purchase
The United States under Jefferson's authority, purchased the Louisiana territory from France, under the control of Napoleon, in 1803. The United States spent $15 million for the Louisiana Purchase, and Napoleon gave up his nation in North America. The U.S. got control of Mississippi trade route and doubled its size.US territory doubled, helped to exclude France from Western borders of US. Farmers could not send goods down Mississippi River to New Orleans. -
Cotton Gin (Technology)
Eli Whitney invented the Cotton-Gin in 1793 was a tool that quickly separated cotton fibers from seeds.After the cotton was picked the seeds had to be removed by hand for every cotton ball, this caused a slow production of cotton.The Cotton Gin changed the South by now producing more cotton and a greater demand for laborers in the field. -
Railroads(Changes in Transportation)
Railroads were indefinitely the most important invention of the 19th century.This transportation system was made by John Fitch in 1794 as a prototype, with the goal to move people and goods across the country in an efficient and fast manner. The first railroad system was known as the " Pacific railroads" and it was 1,907-miles long in the US that took place in 1863 west of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers to combine the Southern shore with San Francisco Bay with eastern upper California. -
Lewis and Clark
Lewis and Clark were sent on a journey by Jefferson to find data on the United States' new land and map a path to the Pacific Ocean. They had maps and records of this new land taken from the Louisiana Purchase. Lewis was secretary to Jefferson and lead the expedition. Clark was an army officer and had knowledge with making maps so he had very good experience when they left. It lasted 2.5 years and 6 months back. When they came back they had brought many discoveries with them and other data. -
War of 1812
A war between the U.S. and Great Britain begun by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, also, a war against Britain gave the U.S. an excuse to take the British posts and to annex Florida from Britain's ally Spain, and possibly even to take Canada from Britain. U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson seized Florida and at one point the British managed to invade and burn Washington, D.C. -
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The American Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the conversion of manufacturing processes with technical machines in the early periods of the United States -
Panic of 1819
The Panic of 1819 resulted in a widespread failure of the American economy staying until 1821. It had public foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a drop in agriculture and manufacturing.It marked the end of the economic development that had followed the War of 1812.The Panic stated the change of the nation from its new financial situation with Europe toward an independent economy and led to state banks for financial support. -
Adams-Onis Treaty
The Adams-Onis Treaty was a deal among the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S and made the border between the U.S and Spain. It would also settle a border conflict between the 2 countries. The Spanish were able to give up the Florida Territory because through the Latin American War of Independence, Florida was a load onto Spain so they finally just gave it to us with the Adams-Onis Treaty. -
Second Great Awakening
The second great religious revival in United States history and started with restored personal rebirth felt in meetings. Major leaders included Charles Grandison Finney, Peter Cartwright, Asahel Nettleton, and James Finley. It also inspired an attitude toward culture that later reentered in American life dealing with prisons, temperance, women's suffrage, and the crusade to abolish slavery. -
Corrupt Bargain
In the election of 1824, no candidates were able to get a majority of the electoral vote, so by putting the outcome in the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House at the time, and he convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State -
Missouri Compromise
In 1820, The problem was that Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, since disturbing the Union that there would be more slave states than free states. The compromise set it up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state. Congress also made a line (36,30) across the southern border of Missouri saying except for the state of Missouri, all states north of that line must be free states or states without slavery. -
Revivalism
The developed religious class, Rev. Charles Finney was a important leader of the revival movement in America. From 1821 onwards he started service meetings across many north-eastern states and won many followers over. For him, a restoration was not a wonder but a change of mindset that was a matter for the individual's free will. -
Election of 1824
No one won a majority of electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped out and urged his supporters in the House to throw their votes behind Adams. Jackson and his followers were furious and accused Adams and Clay of a corrupt bargain. -
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Age of Jackson
The Age of Jackson was an important political era starting with the president and landowner Andrew Jackson. Known for defeating the British during the War of 1812. Jackson was elected as the seventh president of the United States in 1828. -
Election of 1828
Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams fought against each other politically for the presidency. This time, they took out all the dirt they could find to use against each other. They would attack each other and campaign for days. However, Jackson would win the election. It was, unfortunately, a terrible consequence. Since there were so many mean things talked about each other, his wife saw it and was horrified. Shortly after Jackson's victory, his wife died of a heart attack. -
Spoils System
A practice in which a political party, after winning an election gives government jobs to its supporters as a repayment for supporting them and as innovative to continue to do so.practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs. Jackson's system of replacing officeholders to allow ordinary citizens to play a more important role in government -
Mormons
The Mormons founded by Joseph Smith in 1830. Smith thought his religious ideas on the Book of Mormon which led a connection between the Indians and different tribes. To escape trouble , the Mormons fled to the far western part of the U.S, where they established a community on the banks of the Salt Lake in Utah. Their social organization helped the Mormons to succeed in the wilderness. Their use of polygamy troubled the hostility of the U.S. government. -
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Westward Expansion
The period of westward expansion was an important era in the way of shaping the idea of a continental country from ocean to ocean. -
Trail of Tears
In 1838 and 1839, as part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to leave to an area in present-day Oklahoma. The Cherokee people called this journey the Trail of Tears because of its effects. The migrants had hunger, disease, and exhaustion on the forced march. Over 4,000 out of 15,000 of the Cherokees died. -
Nat Turners Rebellion (Slavery)
In 1831 Slaves wanted freedom. Nat Turner saw a "vision" and attacked whites in Southampton County, Virginia.Turner and his accomplices killed 70 slaves,& 55 whites. Turner was eventually caught and executed. Eventually, they tightened their grip on slavery and slaves called slave codes. Some of these codes were to instill fear into their slaves like not allowing them to leave without someone with them. -
Tariff Act of 1832
The Tariff of 1832 was a protection tax in the United States. It was declared as a reduced tariff to relieve the conflict created by the tariff of 1828, but it was still thought poor by southerners and other groups hurt by tariff rates. Southern opposition to this tariff and its predecessor, the Tariff of Abominations, caused the Nullification Crisis involving South Carolina. The tariff was later lowered to pacify these objections. -
American Anti-Slavery Society
In 1831, William Lloyd Garrison began a abolitionist newspaper, an issue that identifies the beginning of the radical abolitionist movement. Garrison supported the abolition of slavery in every state without paying the slave owners. In 1833, Garrison stepped up his attacks by convicting and burning the Constitution as a proslavery document. He argued for no Union with slaveholders until they repented for their sins by freeing their slaves. -
Whig Party
The Whig Party are a bunch of conservatives and popular with ProBank people and plantation owners. They mainly came from the National Republican Party, which was once Federalists. They took their name from the British political party that had rejected King George during the Revolution. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. They were upper classes. Included Clay and Webster -
Sam Houston
Former Governor of Tennessee, Houston resided in Texas after being sent there by President Jackson to arrange with the local Indians. Selected commander of the Texas army in 1835, he led them to victory at San Jacinto, where they were outnumbered 2 to 1 He was President of the Republic of Texas and supported Texas joining the Union in 1845. He later served as U.S. Senator and Governor of Texas but was dismissed from the job in 1861 for declining to ratify Texas joining the Confederacy. -
Battle of San Jacinto
A surprise attack by Texas on Santa Ana's camp on April 21, 1836. Santa Ana's men were surprised and invaded in twenty minutes. Santa Ana was taken a prisoner and signed an truce securing Texas independence. Mexicans had at least 1500 dead and 1,000 captured.Texans only had 4 dead This furthered the conflict between the Mexicans and Americans. -
Panic of 1837
When Jackson was president, many banks had government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks sent paper money and financed speculation, especially in federal territory. Jackson issued the bank to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks failed as a result. A panic ensued and the Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress. -
Lowell Mills
Started in the textile mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, in the 1820s, in these plants as much machinery as possible was used, so that few experienced workers were required in the process, and the workers were almost all single young women farmers, who worked for a few years and then came home to be housewives.They would offer supervision for the women at all times and homes so they could stay near their work. -
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism was an movement rooted in the religioion of New England. Transcendentalists turned to the cultures in Europe for inspiration. Many Transcendentalists believed in the importance of nature and materialism. Transcendentalism greatly influenced modern Literature. Many famous people that were involved with transcendentalism were Nathaniel Hawthorn, Hawthorne wrote the Scarlett Letter, in which he talked about the theme of individualism. -
Slums (Growing Cities)
Slums are very congested, unsanitary, projects that gave insignificant air conditioning and were not very big, became known as lung blocks. -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny is the idea that Americans had the right or duty, to expand west across the North American continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. This would spread the system of civilization and democracy to the Native Americans. In order to achieve this idea, Americans did not flinch at dangers like starting the war with Mexico or killing Indians. -
Mexican American War
War with Mexico which started in 1846 when the U.S. annexed Texas and Mexico challenged the Border. Battles were fought in Texas, and Mexico was invaded from the Atlantic Ocean by General Winfield Scott. Scott attacked different cities in mexico as a result. . The war ended with the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. About 25,000 Mexicans died and about 13,000 Americans died. -
Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso is a debate over whether any Mexican region that America won during the Mexican War should be free or a slave territory. A man named David Wilmot presented an amendment saying that any territory gained from Mexico would be free. This act passed the House twice but failed to ever pass in Senate. The Wilmot Proviso, as it became known as, became a symbol of how deep dispute over slavery was in the U.S. and causes sectionalism. -
California Gold Rush
In January 1848, a machinist working in a sawmill owned by John Sutter one of Californias leading ranchers found hints of gold in the hills of the Sierra Nevada. In months of the discovery, thousands of people began coming to California in search for gold, some of the Californian migrants threw a warning to the winds, abandoned farms, jobs, homes, and families, and were known as forty-niners, they created a male based society that was unsuccessful. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty after a few failed attempts at an truce. He signed the treaty on February 2nd, 1848. The treaty was very successful, giving America claim to Texas and many other states. The U.S. paid $15 million for the land, which increased the size of the country by about 1/3 of the country. Some were mad of the victory over Mexico and the terms of the treaty because they thought that the U.S. should get all of Mexico. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The meeting took place in Seneca Falls, New York on July 19th and 20th 1848. 300 Women and 40 men went to the second day to discuss the rights of women. They wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a hidden network of abolitionists who assisted African Americans to escape from slavery in the American South to free Northern states or to Canada. It was the largest anti-slavery freedom movement in North America, having brought between 30,000 and 40,000 fugitives to British North America.Biographers believe between 60,000 and 100,000 slaves escaped to freedom. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 was an eight-part agreement made by Henry Clay in order to improve the land conflicts between the North and South. As part of the compromise, California has been declared a free state, while a severer Fugitive Slave Law was enforced. Slave trade was prohibited in the District of Columbia, while slavery itself was not abolished and sectional peace returned to the northern and southern states for a few years. The issue of slavery eventually lead to future conflicts, though. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was a compromise law in 1854 that stopped the Missouri Compromise and left it to voters in Kansas and Nebraska to determine whether they would be slave or free states the law further sectional tensions when voters can to blows over the question of slavery in Kansas. It was very controversial, supported by President Pierce and not supported by Douglas -
Bleeding Kansas
A series of violent situations involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas Territory where new proslavery and antislavery constitutions competed.The dispute further tried the relations between the North and South, making civil war imminent. Some of bleeding Kansas events were john brown raid in which a small army of 18 men ambushed into the small town of Harper's Ferry, Virginia. His plan was to start a major slave rebellion in the South. -
John Brown's Raid
In 1859, a small group of men attacked the small town of Harper's Ferry in Virginia. They were trying to seize weapons to give to slaves to start a rebellion. The group gained control of the arms but were surrounded by General Lee's men. 10 of the men were killed and the leader, John Brown, was captured and tried for treason. He was sentenced to death. The North viewed him as a martyr and rang the bells for him. The South viewed him as a terrorist and was outraged with the North. -
Crittenden Compromise
The Crittenden Compromise of 1860 was an attempt started by Senator Crittenden to stop the Civil War. This compromise allowed a Constitutional Amendment acknowledging slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, refraining from Congress with existing slavery, and payment to the owners of fugitive slaves defeated by Republicans. -
George McClellan(North)
George Mclellan was a General who was the new commander of the Union army in the East, who ordered that the soldiers be given a long and hard period of training and preparation before going into war him and the Union attacked VA in March 1862, and was stopped as a result of excellent tactical moves by Confederate General Robert E. Lee who became South commander of Eastern forces, he also forced McClellan to retreat and was replaced with General John Pope -
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The Civil War
The American Civil War was a war between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, a bloody and brutal war fought on the foundation of slavery. -
Robert E. Lee(South)
Robert E. Lee was the General of the Confederate troops, he was successful in many battles but he was beaten at Antietam in 1862 when he fled across the Potomac, this standstill of Lee's troops supported Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation to free all of the slaves. he was defeated at Gettysburg by General Mead's Union troops and he surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The emancipation proclamation claimed that all slaves in Confederate regions be free. This did not free many slaves because the there land was under Confederate command so the union had trouble releasing them. The plantations were located far away from the union. This law also said that northern slave states were not free. Lincoln didn't want to free all slaves because he thought he didn't have the power to do so. This weakened the south and made the civil war into a war of liberation. -
Lincolns 10% Plan
Lincoln's plan for reconstruction. It introduced a Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction stating that any rebel state could form a Union government equal to 10% of those who had voted and took an oath of allegiance to the Constitution and Union and had received presidential pardons. Participants also had to swear to support for laws and proclamations dealing with emancipation. It prohibited certain groups. Congress did not want to accept the states who met these terms. -
Gettysburg (Civil War)
Gettysburg was a huge battle in the Civil War, that occurred in southern Pennsylvania from July 1 to July 3, 1863. Union General George G. Meade commanded an army of about 90,000 men to winning the first war against General Robert E. Lee's Confederate army of about 75,000. Gettysburg is the war's most famous battle because of its large size, high cost in lives, location in a northern state, and for President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. -
Shermans March to the Sea
Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's destructive March through Georgia to the East Coast. An early example of "Total war", purposely targeting buildings, and civilian homes to diminish moral and undercut the confederate war effort. -
KKK(Ku Klux Klan)-White resistance
The KKK was a group of Southerners who were very racist and prejudice against African Americans and hated all other cultures and races. They were founded in Tennessee in 1865. General Forrest was in charge of this group. The members of this group controlled the democratic party. They also issued a campaign that terrified the Republicans. The Ku Klux Klan went around blackmailing many Republican politicians and and murdered many African Americans including burning businesses and churches. -
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Reconstruction of USA
The Reconstruction Era was a period after the Civil War in which Northern leaders created plans to govern the South and ultimatley join the Union, this lasted well into the 20th century -
Freedman's Bureau
Freedman's Bureau helped many minorities after the Civil War. Had this system not been made by Congress, it would've left many African Americans and poor Southerners to die of hunger, medical illnesses, or even due to lack of shelter. Now African Americans were slowly moving up to the place of whites in society. The Freedmen's Bureau was helping people and supporting equality for all members of the American society. The Freedmen's Bureau acted as a backbone to all African Americans -
Appomattox Courthouse
Robert E. Lee, commanding the Confederates and Grant, leading the Union soldiers.After being surrounded by General Grant and his men, General Lee was forced to surrender at Appomattox courthouse. General Grant was generous enough to all Lee and his men to leave armed with their weapons and horses
Significance: After four tiresome years the war was finally over. The Union was saved and the slaves were free
one of the last battlesLee left west, expecting to meet up w/ confed. of NC. -
Lincolns Assasination
Shot in the head by Confederate supporter John Wilkes Booth, Lincoln died the next morning. The assassination happened only days after the surrender at Appomattox Court House of Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia to Union forces led by Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, which had signaled the effective end of the American Civil War. Lincoln’s death sent the country into a depression, and the search for Booth and his associates was the largest manhunt in American history to that date -
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment was a Amendment that did many things. It gave a definition of citizenship that ruled the Dred Scott vs Sandford case through its Citizenship Article. Its Due Process Clause limits government from denying people including African Americans life, liberty, or property without fairness. It also requires each state to provide protection to all people within its jurisdiction. The amendment also included clauses that dealt with the Confederacy. -
Carpetbaggers
Disrespectful term used for northern people who came to the south for good and bad reasons during Reconstruction; they used a lot because of different critics of Republican administrations in the South as many carpetbaggers joined with blacks and some whites to form Republican governments -
Jim Crow
The Jim Crow Laws were regional and local laws set in the Southern and border states of the U.S. and strengthened between 1876 and 1965. The Jim Crow laws were to put voting restrictions on certain people, mainly on blacks and minorities. There were many rules and regulations with Jim Crow most of which failed blacks for decades one of which Blacks and Whites were banned from eating together. If they did eat together, Whites were to be served first, and some wall was to be placed between them. -
Sharecroppers
Sharecropping is a type of farming in which farmer operates the land for an owner who gives equipment and seeds and receives a share of the product.Sharecropping started in the south after the Civil War ended in 1865. In the Great Depression, people turned to sharecropping because they did not have enough money.After the civil war, African Americans had trouble finding a place to work. so African Americans would make a contract with a plantation owner to give him cotton crops,
