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Brown I
Davis v. Prince Edward County, Virginia. This was a lawsuit that was filed by Oliver Hill over the inadequate facilities that segregated schools were forced to use in Farmville, Va. -
Virginia Massive Resistance
This was headed by Senator Henry Byrd who published his "Southern Manifesto" outlining Va massive resistance to school integration. -
Brown vs. Board of Education Topeka
This landmark Supreme Court case is a combination of five cases that struck down separate but equal. Therefore, preempting the states to massive resistance. -
Virginia Assembly Special Session
This special session was called in order to discuss how the varying localities were going to handle the Brown decision. However, laws were passed that entrenched Virginia strongly against integration. -
Federal courts orders desegregation of Schools
Several school districts were ordered to integrate. ( Warren County, Norfolk, and Charlottesville) These schools closed, and Virginia State Supreme Court of Appeals struck down these closing as a violation of the 14th amendment. However, very few students attempted to integrate these schools. -
Passive Resistance Pupil Placement Board
This board had the right to place African American students to specific schools, and presented a token integration plan. -
Closing of Prince Edward County's Schools
Griffin v. County School Bd. of Prince Edward County
This case was ruled unconstitutional due to violation of the 14th amendment, and therefore giving precedence against passive resistance attempts by local Virginia governments. -
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
These two legislative acts enact state accountability on enacting federal policy, and those not in compliance will not receive federal funding to schools. These acts target state segregationist policy concerning integration. -
Green v. School Board of New Kent County
This case discussed racial balance, and rejected freedom of choice plans. This case prompted a radical shift in school populations toward full integration, and set in motion school districts desegregating faster. -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board. of Education
The landmark case involved busing and the districts attempt to have dual school systems. It upheld busing, and that courts had broad judicial powers when it came to remedying past wrongdoings. This was applied to zoning. -
Bradley v. Richmond School Board
This was to limit citywide busing in Richmond to slow white flight, and was then extended to cross city and county boundaries. This ruling was struck down on the basis of defacto principles rather than by the lasw.
