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Nicolaus Copernicus

1543

Nicolaus Copernicus found out that the Earth wasn't the center of the Universe, it was the Sun.
Nicolaus Copernicus changed the role of astronomy in society.
Nicolaus Copernicus was the first scientist ever to propose that the Earth revolved around.

Francis Bacon

1603

Francis Bacon devised a method in which scientists sat up experiments to manipulate nature and attempt to prove their hypothesis wrong.
Francis Bacon helped define the nature of science and the scientific method.
Francis Bacon argued for the possibility of scientific knowledge based only upon inductive reasoning and careful observation of the events happening in nature.

Galileo Galilei

1610

Galileo Galilei was a natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who contributed to the to the science of motion, astronomy, and strength.
Galileo Galilei also made revolutionary astronomy discoveries, including the 4 largest moons of Jupiter.
Galileo Galilei pioneered the experimental scientific method and was the first to use his refracting telescope to make important astronomical discoveries.

Rene Descartes

1641

Rene Descartes was a specialist in mathematics.
Rene Descartes was able to transform geometrical problems into algebra.
Rene Descartes established the X and Y axis.

Isaac Newton

1666

Isaac Newton discovered the laws of Universal Gravitation.
Issac Newton founded 3 laws of Motion.
Isaac Newton invented the reflecting telescope.

John Locke

1679

John Locke's theory of government by the consent of the government as a means to protect the three natural rights of "life, liberty, and estate".
John Locke's essays on religious tolerance provided an early model for the separation of churches as well as states.
John Locke pioneered ideas that consisted of natural law, social contract , religious toleration, and the rights to revolution.

Montesquieu

1748

Montesquieu's discussion of departing of powers, checks, and balances profoundly inspired the American Founders and the design of the U.S. Constitution.
Montesquieu's notes helped create a want of freedom and helped to spark up the French Revolution.
Montesquieu transformed the modern knowledge of Constitutional Government.

Denis Diderot

1751

Denis Diderot was the publication of "Encyclopedia or a Systematic Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Crafts."
Denis Diderot studied all human knowledge and educated readers with a deep analysis of nearly all human existence.
Denis Diderot was also one of the originators and interpreters of the Enlightenment.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

1762

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's idea in Social Contract heavily inspired by the Declaration of Independence.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau's theories of of sovereignty and law had a targeted inspiration on French revolutionaries such as Robespierre.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau revolutionized taste, first in music, then in different arts.

Voltaire

1763

Voltaire's "common sense" crusade against superstition and prejustice and in desire of religious toleration.
Voltaire attacked the Catholic Church and recommend freedom of religious beliefs, freedom of expressions, and separation of church and state.
Voltaire's writing gave the American Revolution and the Founding Fathers of critical concepts to build a new form of governing.

James Watt

1764

James Watt steam engine had a massive impact on 18th-century industrial society.
James Watt's steam engine was both more efficient and more cost-effective compared to earlier steam engines.
James watt's steam engine was the world's first ever commercial copying machine and understanding knowledge of energy, gases, and electricity.

Adam Smith

1776

Adam Smith attacked the government's involvement in the economy and provided for free market and free trade.
Adam Smith contributions included the division of labor, gross domestic product, and the mythical theories of the invisible hand.
Adam Smith is also known as the "forefather" of capitalist thinking.

George Washington

1776

George Washington's leadership presence and fortitude held
the American Military together.
George Washington's Military held together long enough to secure victory at Yorktown and independence for his new nation.
George Washington established a strong central government and helped put a place in to solve the problem of the national debt.

Thomas Jefferson

1776

Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson labored to make its word a reality in Virginia.
Thomas Jefferson succeeded Benjamin Franklin as minister to France in 1785.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

1786

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed of over 600 works, which insisted of some of the most famous and loved pieces of symphonic, chamber, operatic, and choral music.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart fully mastered existing forms and, in so doing, raised the symphony, sonata, and opera to greater limits.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart created 24 operas including famous works such as "The Magic Flute."

Maximillien Robespierre

1789

Maximillien Robespierre dominate the powerful Committee of Public Safety and oversee the Reign of terror.
Maximillien Robespierre encouraged people to rise up in insurrection over military defeats and a rapid decrease in food.
Maximillien Robespierre was a Jacobin leader who set out to build a "republic of virtue" by removing every trace of FR's past.

Miguel Hidalgo

1810

Miguel Hidalgo published the "Grito de Doleres", calling for the Spanish rule, for racial equality, and for redishtribution of land.
Miguel Hidalgo's speech effectively started the Mexican War of Independence.
Miguel Hidalgo led the first uprising for independence.

Simon Bolivar

1821

Simon Bolivar led a massive revolt against the Spanish colonial which was ruled in South America.
Simon Bolivar is remembered to this day as the greatest leader of South American independence.
Simon Bolivar received military support from Petion and returned to Venezuela after promising to abolish slavery in Spanish America.