-
Oct 28, 1500
First Occupants (Spirituality)
The first occupants of the 1500 had several different ways of expressing their spirituality. For example, Shamanism (priest/medicine man), myths and legends and dreamcatchers. Shamanism is basically a person who has access to, and influence in, the spiritual world, and enter this world during a healing process. Dreamcatchers would filter out all bad dreams and only allow good thoughts to enter our mind, most children would have them for protection. -
Oct 28, 1500
First Occupants (Social Relationships)
The first occupants of 1500 had a certain way of interacting and treating others. For example, every individual had a lot of respect for elders. The elders were the ones who passed on their knowledge to the next generation, through oral traditions. They lived in equality, and freedom. There were no written laws or private property. -
Oct 28, 1500
First Occupants (Communication and Exchange)
The first occupants of 1500 passed everything on through oral traditions. They would also have special ceremonies to commemorate the manhood of a boy, turning into a hunter. They would also have ceremonies to "pray" to a special, traditional object or gadget. All the songs and dances they would perform were in relation to spirits and would have a spiritual connection. -
Oct 28, 1500
First Occupants (Nature)
Living in respect for nature, the aboriginals believed that everything had souls and minds. For example, when the plants would die, they wouldn't really be dead but sleeping and waiting for their soul to come alive again. They lived through the "Circle of Life". It's composed of all the forces of the Earth all together. Different colours correspond with the different stages of life. The circle represents days, nights and seasons. It also represents the stages of life and everything that is life. -
The Devine Right of Kings (1)
The Devine Right of Kings is when the King had total, complete power but they derive their authority from God, not from their subjects. King Louis 14th was taking control in Europe but his colony of New France was not developing its economy or population, and it had many Iroquois attacks. So, the king needed to step in. -
The Devine Right of Kings (2)
Things King Louis did to help:
-A well trained regiment of soldiers were dispatched (1200 soldiers)
-Still under the old system, the companies who held a monopoly were almost destroying New France. So, the king ended the monopoly and placed New France under the Minister of Marine (Jean-Baptiste Colbert). In 1663, Jean-Baptiste Colbert and Louis decided to apply Royal Government in 1663. -
Catholicism (1)
The Church were very powerful. You either did what the church wanted or you were excommunicated. Being excommunicated would make your life incredibly difficult; people wouldn't buy, sell or trade products with you. Catholicism was a huge deal. The Clergy was everywhere. Priests were in charge of parishes and working as missionaries. The nuns worked in schools and hospitals. Potential priests were trained in a seminary. Only the smartest boys were sent there. -
Catholicism (2)
The money to make all this happen came from the church tax "tithe". The Church also controls what behaviour is acceptable or not. The Church spreads its ideas by controling education in the colony. They were the teachers and controled the content. Marguerite Bourgeoys: Established the very first school. Also, paintings for example were often inspired by Catholicism (ex: churches) Overall, the church was uncharge of EVERYTHING but most importantly: Education, Hospitals, Charities and Conversion. -
Life In New France (1)
In New France, the population was very mixed (rich&poor). Settlers had happy lives but it was work. They had to do work every single day, for ex; caring for crops, making clothes, fixing tools, preparing for winter. Since New France was not really developing, settlers became self-dependent, meaning they took care of themselves. Since people became more and more independent, 1760 grew to become a distinct set of people called Canadiens. These people would remain here after the British Conquest. -
Life In New France (2)
Kicked out the bishop, religious leader has a lot of power, so the bishop could have rebelled. They didn’t get rid of catholic religion because people are attached to their religion, and that will start a revolution. They are more independent because being away from the kind, he couldn’t control them. Many worked with or lived with native, voyageurs and courier de bois choose their way of life -
Liberalism
Liberalism is a political or social philosophy expressing the freedom
of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent
modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavour,
and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties.
Liberal ideas were exposed through newspapers. This led to the development of Parliamentarism. Liberal ideas were also often represented in architecture. -
Ultramontanism
Ultramontanism is the policy of the party in the Roman Catholic
Church that favours increasing and enhancing the power and authority of the pope; the church basically runs every aspect of your life. Ultramontanism recommends and supports absolute obedience to the Catholic religion. The Church wants to increase and extend its influence in all the basic aspects of life, (social, political, cultural, etc). Overall, Ultramontanism is implying to be committed to the Church and the catholic laws. -
Anticlericalism
Anticlericalism is opposing to the influence, activities and requests, of the clergy or Church in secular or public affairs. Basically, Anticlericalism is opposing to ultramontanism. Today, we have a separation from Church and state, this is what Anticlericalism is
advocating. -
Imperialism
the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies.
For example, the loyalists support the mother country. Architectural influence greatly shows Imperialism, as well as Parliamentary political organization. -
How the Government Functions (2)
Three types of functions:
Executive: Makes decisions about administration, power held by cabinet (federal)
Legislative: Makes or amends laws, and imposes taxes. Power held by the House of Commons (federal)
Judicial: Ensures laws are applied, Judges are appointed by the cabinet for life (federal)
Federal System: Position examples
-Head of State (The Queen)
-Governor General -
How the Government Functions (1)
The Government is ran in a very specific manner. Constitutional Monarchy means that the Queen & Governor General have only symbolic power. Parliamentary Democracy means the Laws must be passed through the parliament, whose members are elected.
Three levels of Government: Federal (who runs Canada), Provincial (who runs Quebec), Municipal (who runs cities). -
Contemporary Period: Imperialism
Imperialism is when you want the mother country to control their colonies. The policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies.
Spread of the British ideas (imperialists) in newspapers and stories.
The newspaper Le Devoir was founded to protest against imperialism. Imperialism is basically the extension of a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. -
Contemporary Period: Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. You’re free to try and create your own wealth/own your own business Capitalist ideas expressed through the mainstream press owned by businessmen. -
Contemporary Period: Socialism
Socialism: a theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole. Questioning the spread of capitalism expressed through labour movements, student movements and in independent magazines. Capitalism and socialism differ based on the role of the government and equality of economics. Capitalism affords economic freedom, consumer choice, and economic growth. -
Contemporary Period: Nationalisms
In general, Nationalisms is a devotion to one's own nation and its interests over those of all other nations. It is the complete opposite of imperialism. Britain showcased imperialism by controlling a large number of colonies all over the world. Britain expected its colonies to obey and follow it’s commands, but this wasn’t always the case. In Canada for example, some people wanted to follow Britain, but others did not. -
Contemporary Period: French-Canadian Nationalism
French-Canadian Nationalism did not want to support Britian, but wanted to protect French interests (language, education, rights) views spread via newspapers
English-Canadian Nationalism liked the English way, (language, politics) and wanted to support Britain, but wanted Canada to operate independently.
Neo-nationalism (newest wave of nationalism) starting in the 1960s and spread by the artists like Gilles Vigneault, Félix Leclerc, Paul Piché, etc. -
Influence Of The Church
The bishops became even more powerful and the cures became the most important person in the parish. The Church was still in charge of registering births, marriages, deaths and controlling education. Openings of Orphanages, Shelters, Charities ect. Ministers still influential but not as powerful as R.C. Protestant Universities opened McGill & Bishops. A new style of artistic creation was more closely represented real life and distanced itself from more traditional style imposed by the Church. -
Cooperatism
Cooperatism (co-ops) was the birth of different groups who favoured equality and collaboration (American Unions like the Knights of Labor, the Caisses populaires, Catholic Union of Cultivators) -
Feminism (2)
During WWI the men were at war women started working in factories and saw services as nurses. Soon, women obtain the right to vote in Federal election. Denunciation of the role of the Church in the oppression of women and of inequality with men. -
Feminism (1)
Women had a hard life, married young, produced many children over 10 on average. Women were forced to do as their husbands said. Long days of work, both at home and some in factories-women often did the worst jobs. They had few rights, little education The only escape was to become a nun.
